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71.
Lawrence D. Bobo 《The Journal of social issues》1999,55(3):445-472
This research integrates and elaborates the basic premises of Blumer's group position theory of prejudice. It does so in order to make explicit, more fully integrated, and empirically pliable the theoretical foundations of a sociological analysis of the nature of racial prejudice. In so doing, the research identifies important areas of agreement between Gordon Allport's approach to prejudice and that of Blumer. Blumer neither provided a full synthetic statement of his several major pieces on prejudice nor pursued sustained empirical research in the area. Hence, the present article (1) identifies the core assumptions of the group position model, (2) summarizes a recent line of empirical work examining claims embedded in the group position approach, (3) specifies how this approach differs from other closely related approaches, and (4) identifies major tasks for future theoretical and empirical work. 相似文献
72.
加拿大采矿业注重培养技术工人 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采矿业面临着内外因素困扰,前进路上步履艰难,外部矿产品价格低迷,内部作业条件与环境恶劣.在这种严峻的情况下,矿业要千方百计克服矿产品开采与加工中的各种困难(挖掘深度加大、矿种品位降低、环保要求严格等等),除了提高生产效率、降低成本,最重要的是加快人才培养,改善人力资源管理.要达到上述目的,依靠传统办法,无法实现.所幸的是,进入21世纪后,以微电子技术为核心的科技进步为此提供了可靠的技术保证.这种需要与可能相结合就会诱导出一场变革,即技术革新,其中矿山自动化是这场变革中的主角. 相似文献
73.
Aimee D. Prawitz M.S. Frances C. Lawrence Ph.D. Peggy S. Draughn Ph.D. Patricia J. Wozniak Ph.D. 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1994,15(1):37-51
The study is conducted to determine families' rankings of characteristics they consider most important when selecting a nursing home. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance is used to test for differences in the rankings. In response to a mailed survey, 231 families rank the characteristics in the following order: quality of care, appearance, atmosphere, location, reputation, building safety, quality of food, cost, and activities. Relationships are also found between the rankings and the demographic characteristics: gender, marital status, education, income, number of homes available, patient/respondent relationship, and distance respondent lived from the chosen home. 相似文献
74.
75.
Why do some cities have higher or lower crime rates than others? In this study we attempt to answer this fundamental question by identifying the theoretically motivated structural covariates which differentiate U.S. cities with extreme high and low crime rates. We apply discriminant function analysis across comprehensive samples of all U.S. cities with populations of greater than 25 000 in the periods 1960, 1970, and 1980 and then posit four question: are empirical findings from regression-based studies of city crime rates replicated in discriminant studies with extreme rates? Are the covariates that predict high or low crime rates unique to specific time periods? Which covariates are better able to discriminate high or low rates for specific crimes? And are specific covariates distinguishable in crime rate changes across time periods? Among our general findings, it appears that those cities with extreme high (low) crime rates tend to be the largest (smallest), most (least) economically deprived, and most (least) socially disintegrated. Associations with these latter two characteristics appear to have grown stronger over the past three census periods. The theoretical importance of these and other findings uncovered here are discussed and interpreted through Wilson's (1987) notion of concentration effects and social isolation which may have transformed inner-city areas in recent years. 相似文献
76.
77.
Lawrence A. Kurdek 《Journal of marriage and the family》2006,68(2):509-528
Partners from four types of couples without children (gay unmarried, lesbian unmarried, heterosexual unmarried, and heterosexual married, Ns=1,412, 1,310, 1,036, and 1,728, respectively) were compared to partners from heterosexual married couples with children (N =3,116) on mean levels of variables from a model of relationship adjustment as well as on the strength of links posited by the model. Although 82% of the mean‐level comparisons were significant, only 36% of the comparisons had effect sizes that were at least small in strength. Type of couple affected links between variables in only 33% of the instances, with effect sizes trivial in strength. Findings support the view that despite variability in structure, close dyadic relationships work in similar ways. 相似文献
78.
79.
This paper examines the consequences of exposure to work-related violence and in particular, focuses upon the role of fear (of violence) as a mediating variable. The sample comprises UK public house licensees-individuals who manage public houses and hold the licence permitting the sale of alcoholic drinks on the premises. Questionnaires were sent to 479 licensees and a response rate of 51% was achieved. Each questionnaire measured exposure to a range of violent assaults, fear of violence, general well-being, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Based upon a final sample of 242 pub licensees, regression analyses showed that as the severity of the violence to which licensees were exposed increased, so fear of becoming a victim and symptoms of impaired well-being increased, while job satisfaction and organizational commitment decreased. Hierarchical analyses showed that fear of violence fully mediated the negative impact of exposure upon each of these other variables. It is argued that the management of fear appraisals should be integrated into organizational responses to work-place violence. 相似文献
80.
Vincent Jeffries Barry V. Johnston Lawrence T. Nichols Samuel P. Oliner Edward Tiryakian Jay Weinstein 《The American Sociologist》2006,37(3):67-83
Conclusion This article has presented a vision of what a field of altruism and social solidarity could potentially involve. An additional
perspective on the nature of this field and how it could contribute to the discipline and to society is provided by the science
of psychology. In the last decade a fundamental new orientation has developed in this discipline, growing from the pioneering
work of Martin E.P. Seligman. Generally identified as “positive psychology” it represents a shift from a focus on trying to
understand and find solutions to mental illness and various pathologies of thought and behavior in a “disease model” to a
focus on human strengths, virtues, and other positive characteristics. This shift in focus is regarded as making a direct
contribution to understanding what is best in human emotions and traits and how society can support the psychological flourishing
of individuals. This new perspective in turn provides increased awareness of how the problems studied in the disease model
can more effectively be prevented (Seligman, 2003, 2005). The importance of this focus on the positive for sociology and a
call to action is stated by Seligman (2003): The third pillar of positive psychology is the study of positive institutions
and positive communities. 相似文献