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981.
Lee J. Richmond 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》1996,9(1):29-43
Counseling is not a value free enterprise. Therapeutic models are value laden. Counselors and clients are both emotionally invested in right living issues. Since no therapy is value free, clients face the dilemma of finding a therapist with values similar to their own or having their values challenged. Therapists face the ethical issue of clarifying their own values and determining how to make them known. 相似文献
982.
Douglas Lee Eckberg 《Qualitative sociology》1984,7(4):340-352
In this paper, I analyze job-rejection letters received from departments of sociology, as instances of what Altheide and Johnson (1980) call bureaucratic propaganda. My purpose is to show that mundane documents can contain portrayals that legitimate the sending organization. In job-rejection letters, departments consistently are portrayed as meeting ideal norms of conduct: their members are rigorous, fair and nurturant, and they employ universalistic criteria. Rejected applicants are consistently portrayed as possessing superior job qualifications. All failures of departments to attain ideal standards are excused by reference to uncontrollable contingencies. I argue that the portrayals are rhetorical, and are independent of departmental action. Their existence in such mundane documents illustrates both the detailed efforts made to legitimate organizations, and the pervasiveness of bureaucratic propaganda in the society.I am indebted to Peter Adler for a thoughtful review of an earlier version of this paper. My thanks to Shulamit Reinharz for her detailed criticism and careful editing of this paper. 相似文献
983.
A simplified model is presented for the measurement of inter-live birth interval distributions. Comparative analyses of "effective fecundability," the mean length and variation of postpartum infecundity, and the parity progression ratio based on this measurement model are presented using data from U.S. marriage cohorts and from an Indian sample. Parity differentials in these reproduction parameters are investigated, and the ramifications for fertility estimate and projection discussed. 相似文献
984.
985.
Mortality patterns and trajectories in closely related populations are likely to be similar in some respects, and differences are unlikely to increase in the long run. It should therefore be possible to improve the mortality forecasts for individual countries by taking into account the patterns in a larger group. Using the Human Mortality Database, we apply the Lee-Carter model to a group of populations, allowing each its own age pattern and level of mortality but imposing shared rates of, change by age. Our forecasts also allow divergent patterns to continue for a while before tapering off. We forecast greater longevity gains for the United States and lesser ones for Japan relative to separate forecasts. 相似文献
986.
Low back pain (LPB) is a major health problem among military rotary-wing aircrews worldwide. In order to define the etiology and propose remedies to LBP in helicopter aviators a review and critique of the literature was conducted. In-flight sitting posture and vibration generated by the aircraft were identified as high risk factors for LBP. Consequently, researchers recommended ergonomic modifications to the crew stations. The efficacy of these technical interventions has not been proven. As well, these design changes are not financially practical. Following an in depth kinesiological analysis of the physical demands of this type of flying, and preliminary experimentation, an alternative aeromedical approach focusing on the aircrew rather than the craft is presented. The authors propose a set of flight-specific exercises that might effectively deal with this problem. A thorough testing of this approach is envisioned. 相似文献
987.
988.
Lee SS 《Science of aging knowledge environment : SAGE KE》2005,2005(35):pe26
Several recent studies have highlighted how RNA interference has advanced aging-related research in Caenorhabditis elegans. Two new genome-wide RNAi-based screens together identified more than 100 new candidate longevity genes. RNAi has also greatly facilitated the functional validation of several large-scale gene expression profiling studies. Furthermore, RNAi is flexible and can be administered at different times throughout life; this feature has been exploited to analyze the temporal requirement of genes in life-span determination. 相似文献
989.
Barry?R.?ChiswickEmail author Yew?Liang?Lee Paul?W.?Miller 《Review of Economics of the Household》2005,3(3):243-268
This paper extends the analysis of the acquisition of destination language proficiency among immigrants by explicitly incorporating
interactions among family members—mother, father and children. Single equation, bivariate, and four-equation (multivariate)
probit analyses are employed. Immigrant English language skills are greater the younger the age at migration, the longer the
duration of residence, the higher the level of education, and for immigrants not from Asia. Large positive correlations in
the unmeasured determinants of proficiency exist between spouses, between siblings, and between parents and children, although
the latter relationship is stronger for the mother. The findings imply that learning takes place within the household. 相似文献
990.
Multilevel Mixed Linear Models for Survival Data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
For the analysis of correlated survival data mixed linear models are useful alternatives to frailty models. By their use the survival times can be directly modelled, so that the interpretation of the fixed and random effects is straightforward. However, because of intractable integration involved with the use of marginal likelihood the class of models in use has been severely restricted. Such a difficulty can be avoided by using hierarchical-likelihood, which provides a statistically efficient and fast fitting algorithm for multilevel models. The proposed method is illustrated using the chronic granulomatous disease data. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance. 相似文献