生态批评作为文学活动对于人的诗意生存

生态存在必然诗意地寻归生命有机性的运演节律。对人来说,或者对人的生存来说,生态对文学、文学对生态,都依生态存在而动,都是人的生命活动状态使然。生命有机性既是人的自然之身及感性生命的基础,又有机呈现人的多重存在关系,更需要精神性及审美化的提升,文学则是其中重要提升力量。生命、人与文学的生成及效应则依循诗意的节律,既形成整体的有效性,又显示着各方的魅力。当生态批评作为一种文学现象出现,从发生之初到广泛影响实际都在极大地关注着人的生存问题,并探寻人何以能诗意生存。当生态批评作为文学活动在助力,必然要成就那种“有效”及“魅力”,其方法、策略及目的性追寻,旨在助推人的活动不断地融入诗意生存。事实上,生态批评的阐释、评论、理性确证及学理基质,就是通过生态整体及诗意性的综合性体验,把控生态、生命、人与文学间的诗意关系,彰显其相互促动、相互映衬的魅力。     

从《苔丝》译本比较“增译法”的运用

应用现代翻译理论中的增译法,从景色描写、动作行为、人物语言、心理描写及句式结构几方面对张谷若、吴笛及蒋坚松、彭代合译的《苔丝》译本进行比较研究,并通过具体选段译语分析了三位译者在翻译原著时对增译法的不同理解和运用。     

水杉发现过程的系统研究

水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu &; Cheng）的发现为中国植物学走向世界开辟了道路,被公认为是20世纪我国乃至世界植物界的重大发现。它的发现具有重大意义。目前,水杉已遍及我国大江南北25个省、市、自治区和世界50多个国家和地区,已成为重要的用材林树种、沿海防护林树种、农田防护林树种、城市绿化与风景景观林树种。有关水杉发现过程及时间的说法甚多, 以至于它的发现成为植物学发展史上的一桩趣事。该文对水杉的有关资料和实物依据进行了系统的调查研究,同时对发现过程进行了概述。     

刑事诉讼中的程序性辩护

程序性辩护是一种＂以攻代守＂地对付政府检控方的辩护方式,也就是通过指控侦查人员的违法行为和侵权行为,将＂政府置于被告的地位让他为自己的非法行为受审＂。侦查阶段应赋予律师调查取证权。起诉阶段可以借鉴英美法系大小陪审团之经验,构建中国听证式检察审查会。审判阶段之程序性辩护以程序瑕疵和程序无效为两大类而展开。     

民营企业发展中的企业家和企业家精神研究

本文回顾了国内外学者对企业家和企业家精神的研究, 讨论了转型时期民营企业家的生成和企业的行为特点, 并基于企业家理论对政府提出了相关的宏观政策建议。     

Max-min (σ-)additiye representation of monotone measures

In non-additive measure and integration (or fuzzy measure and integral) one tries to generalise the issues of product measure and conditional expectation from the additive theory. In the discrete case successful attempts have been made via the max-min additive representation of the monotone measure and the corresponding integrals. The present paper intends to find, for arbitrary monotone measures, a max-min additive representation and, under certain topological assumptions, a representation with σ-additive measures, thus providing a powerful tool for the theory of non-additive measure and integration. Received: December 2000; revised version: September 2001     

Der Hawthorne-Effekt – ein Effekt für viele Gelegenheiten?

It is shown that the concept of ?Hawthorne effect‘ was created many years after the Hawthorne studies in Western Electric Company. Presently, the ?Hawthorne effect‘ concept is increasingly used in social sciences and many other sciences. The concept is however used in different and occasionally digressive meanings. The question arises whether such a concept is useful at all. In addition, it is discussed why the rather imprecise reports of single Hawthorne field experiments have been spread as academic folklore, and why rather undefined concepts like the ?Hawthorne effect‘ are used so widely in psychology and social sciences.     

Einkommenseffekte beruflicher Weiterbildung

The claim for lifelong learning or vocational further training is most often set out without having clarified satisfactorily the individual gains which result from training activities. Based on human capital theory, which we extend by arguments from signaling- and game theory, the paper investigates for western and eastern Germany individual returns of training on income with longitudinal data (1996–1998) from the recently available “Mikrozensus-Panel”. A problem in identifying causal training effects is a selection bias caused by unobserved heterogeneity which – using conventional methods – leads to overestimation of the effects. Fixed- and Random-Effects-Models – which we discuss and confront empirically regarding the training issue – present a method for controlling the selection bias. The results show evidence for positive and significant training effects on income, although the actual amount of income growth is low. Whereas no differences by sex were found, separate analyses by age, skill levels and region indicate that not all of the subgroups benefit positively from further training activities. Therefore, the findings relativize the importance of social inequalities in the access to further training for the process of status attainment in general.     

Quadratic estimation in mixed linear models with two variance components

Explicit expressions for Bayes invariant quadratic estimates, biased and unbiased, are presented and proved to cover the entire class of admissible estimates in the considered classes. An unbalanced genetic model is studied for demonstration.