常见标准化量名称与废弃名称的对照例表

本文通过调查分析,指出网络对我们的德育工作既带来了机遇,也带来了极大挑战;主张学校和老师应积极介入网络,加强对学生网上自我教育行为的引导,帮助、指导学生形成健康的主体性道德人格;德育老师要从当代大学生道德发展的特点入手,积极帮助学生从网络不健康的道德体系中摆脱出来,提高德育工作的实效;应引导学生树立正确的网络观念;协同家庭、社会各方共同实施网络道德教育,提高德育工作的有效性。     

Mean squares in saturated fractional designs revisited

In a previous paper (Bissell, 1989) some suggestions were offered for interpreting mean squares in saturated fractional designs where no independent estimate of experimental error is available. One of the methods leads to a simple numerical test of homogeneity which provides an objective accompaniment to half-Normal plotting of effects (Daniel, 1959) in 2n designs or exponential plotting of mean squares (Bissell, 1989) in 3n designs. A table of percentage points for a convenient test statistic is provided in this paper.     

Cognitive-behavioral-expressive interventions with aggressive and resistant youths.

Research into the nature of aggressive behavior in youths has demonstrated that these youths are often the victims of abuse, exhibit aggressive behavior in early childhood, and remain aggressive into young adulthood. The treatment approach described in this article is a modification of Monahan's [1981] model of the prediction of violent behavior and the anger-management approach of Novaco [1985], and integrates the developmental models of Piaget [1963] and Erikson [1959]. The program is a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and expressive therapies and is targeted to the reduction of dysfunctional cognitive, affective, behavioral, and problem-solving patterns of aggressive youths. As referrals of such aggressive clients are often involuntary, interventions with unwilling and resistant clients are also presented.     

THE ARTICULATION OF WORK THROUGH INTERACTION

This paper offers a set of related concepts for analyzing the interactional mechanics of how work is carried out in organizations, and for analyzing the structural/organizational conditions that bear upon work performance. Our analytic discussion centers around four main concepts: (a) articulation, (b) arrangements, (c) the process of working things out, and (d) stance. These concepts directly connect interaction to work and explain why work performance often bogs down and breaks down.     

Informal Work in Nonmetropolitan Pennsylvania1

Abstract It is well recognized that the informal economy—unregulated economic activities that generate real or in-kind income—features prominently in the day-to-day lives of many in the developing world. Researchers have begun to explore the informal economy in developed countries but this work has focussed primarily on urban areas to the neglect of rural areas. In this paper the nature and correlates of informal work in nonmetropolitan Pennsylvania are described through an analysis of survey data on 505 families. Results indicate that participation in informal activities is widespread, is not more typical of the poor, does not contribute greatly to family income on average but does help many poor families weather difficult economic times, is both economically and noneconomically motivated, and, net of other sociodemographic variables, is positively related to rurality of residence and formal labor supply.     

Using the lessons learned from US and English law to create a regulatory framework for charities in evolving democracies

The evolving democracies of Eastern Europe and the former USSR republics are keenly interested in establishing charities. They have little law on this issue because their former governments did not encourage the development of charities. This article compares US and English regulation of charities and proposes a regulatory framework based on what the authors believe are the best attributes of both. Although the framework is based on the common law system, it can be adapted to the civil law systems of the Eastern European nations and the former USSR republics. The article includes such issues as developing a body of law, tax relief and creating a regulatory agency.Mr Hopkins is a lawyer with Powers, Pyles & Sutter, 1275 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, and author ofThe Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations (1992a).Ms Moore is also a lawyer, 5908 N. 35th St., Arlington, Virginia 22207.The authors would like to thank Mssrs Kersi Shroff and Stephen F. Clarke, Senior Legal Specialists, American-British Law Division, Library of Congress, and Mr. William H. Morris, an attorney at Steptoe & Johnson, Washington, D.C., for their kind assistance during the researching of this article.     

世界贸易组织：优势、挑战与前景

本文探讨了世界贸易组织的优势和面临的挑战，并对其发展前景作了展望。作者认为，与过去的国际贸易组织和关贸总协定相比，世界贸易组织具有许多优势，世界经济联系越来越紧密、冷战后各国对经济安全的重视、世界经济多极化的发展、发展中国家贸易政策的自由化和自身较完善的机制等都是其优势所在。但同时世界贸易组织也面临着各国经济摩擦加剧、发达国家贸易保护主义抬头、区域经济集团剧增和自身机制尚存在缺陷等挑战。基于以上分析，作者对世界贸易组织的未来前景持谨慎的乐观态度，认为世界贸易组织不会象国际贸易组织那样中途夭折，也不会象关贸总协定那样软弱被动，它将在成员国之间不断的冲突与妥协中存在并发挥比较强有力的作用。     

以Mn~(2+)催化的α—酮戊二酸振荡反应的研究

本文利用实验中得到的电动势随时间变化的E～t图,研究了α—酮戊二酸(以α—Ke表示)—KBrO_3—H_2SO_4—丙酮(以Act表示)体系的Mn~(2+)催化下的振荡反应及许多因素对振荡反应的影响,根据实验结果及振荡反应的一般机理,探讨了该体系的振荡机理,归纳出振荡反应参数与反应物浓度之间存在的关系式,并对实验现象作了定性的说明。