A variable neighborhood search algorithm for human resource selection and optimization problem in the home appliance manufacturing industry

The increase in human resource cost puts forward higher requirements for the optimization of home appliance manufacturing processes. This paper studied an integrated human resource optimization problem considering the human resource selection, learning effect, skills degradation effect, and parallel production lines. There are multiple different manufacturing tasks with different normal processing times. Human resources have different abilities and costs. The actual processing time of a task is determined by its normal processing time, position, and ability of the human resource. The objective is to minimize production time and the labor cost. To solve the studied problem, we first consider the case where the human resources have been selected and assigned to the production lines. Then, some structural properties are proposed and a heuristic is developed to arrange tasks on every single production line. Also, we derive a lower bound for the problem. Since the investigated problem is NP-hard, a Variable Neighborhood Search is designed to solve the problem in a reasonable time. Finally, computational experiments are conducted and the experimental results validate the performance of the proposed methods.

     

A modified firefly algorithm based on light intensity difference

Firefly algorithm (FA) is a swarm-intelligence-based, meta-heuristic algorithm and has been widely applied since its establishment in 2009. In this paper, a modified FA based on light intensity difference (LFA) is proposed. The light intensity of a firefly is determined by the landscape of the objective function in FA. The modifications are established in consideration of the variation trend of light intensity differences. As the light intensity differences vary with movements of fireflies, the parameter settings could be adjusted pertinently and self-adaptively at any moment for different problems. The applications to numeric experiments show that, LFA is well adaptive and efficient for different problems, and can make a trade-off between global exploration and local exploitation so as to decrease the risk of premature convergence effectively.     

西藏生态宜居空间的选择与人居智慧

早在上万年前藏族先民就不畏艰难险阻,在雪域高原进行各种活动,并寻觅适合人居的生态空间,建立了早期的聚落。生态居住环境的营造是藏民族人居智慧的重要体现,藏民族面对的第一个难题是生态宜居空间的选择。藏民族生态宜居空间的选择宗旨是以人为本,尊重自然,与自然协调和谐相处。西藏早期先民对生态宜居空间的选择表现在以下两个方面：一是临水而居与生态宜居空间的选择,西藏一江两河（雅鲁藏布江、拉萨河、年楚河）是西藏城市文明的发祥地,最早的部落和氏族所建立的小邦及早期城市就主要集中分布在该流域;二是依山而建与生态宜居空间的营建,藏族先民在城市聚落选址方面不仅重视宏观区位的选择,同时也高度重视微观地理空间的选择,充分考虑其自然地理环境因素,特别对气温、降水、季风等高原气候特点的考虑。因此可以说,顺应自然、因地制宜,是西藏人民在长期的实践经验中总结出来的建筑理念和选址经验。     

农户兼业及其对农地承包经营权流转的影响

本文兼顾日本和我国农村固定观察点兼业标准,提出了划分农户兼业的新标准。文章分析了我国农户兼业的地区差异和阶段性差异两大特征,将农户兼业分为前期成长、中期平稳发展和后期分化3个阶段,并据此推断我国农业生产的兼业化与专业化并存会成为一种常态。文章认为我国农地流转呈现流转规模逐年增长、地区差异明显和流转主体趋向多元等3大特征,并利用Logit模型和多元线性回归模型,重点分析了农户兼业对农地流转的影响。回归结果表明:简单地认为农户兼业会妨碍农地流转是不妥当的,有些地区兼业农户参与农地流转的概率并不必然显著低于纯农户和非农户;农户农地转出比重与农户兼业程度呈现U型曲线关系。模型结果显示一些地方农地转出受到了行政干预。文章最后提出5点政策建议。     

近五年皮肤性病学考试试题及成绩分析

总结近几年皮肤性病学考试结果,量化分析所有试题的难度、区分度、信度,探索更客观、科学地反映学生能力和水平差异的考试,提高考试质量,增强考试的客观性,为建立试题库提供理论依据。     

Analytic evaluation of the expectation and variance of different performance measures of a schedule on a single machine under processing time variability

In this paper, we present closed-form expressions, wherever possible, or devise algorithms otherwise, to determine the expectation and variance of a given schedule on a single machine. We consider a variety of completion time and due date-based objectives. The randomness in the scheduling process is due to variable processing times with known means and variances of jobs and, in some cases, a known underlying processing time distribution. The results that we present in this paper can enable evaluation of a schedule in terms of both the expectation and variance of a performance measure considered, and thereby, aid in obtaining a stable schedule. Additionally, the expressions and algorithms that are presented, can be incorporated in existing scheduling algorithms in order to determine expectation-variance efficient schedules.     

提前退休模式与行为及其影响因素——基于中国综合社会调查数据的分析

文章基于2008年中国综合社会调查数据,对城镇人口提前退休模式与行为及其影响因素进行了分析。主要结论是:(1)提前退休模式与行为存在显著的性别差异,女性比男性距离法定退休年龄更近时退休,表现出较为明显的集聚特征,法定退休年龄对女性退休模式与行为的影响更大;(2)随着中国家庭子女数量的减少,劳动力市场灵活性的逐步增强,人们劳动参与意愿和可能性都会显著提升,提前退休的可能性越来越小,而且不断提高的受教育程度也会使女性提前退休的可能性减小;(3)中国的社会保障制度对男性提前退休有显著影响,对女性则不显著。与养老保险制度相比,医疗保险与失业保险制度对男性提前退休的影响更大,基本医疗保险制度的完善会增加提前退休的可能性,失业保险制度的完善更有可能增强男性的工作意愿,降低提前退休的可能性。     

质构仪及其在食品品质评价中的应用综述

本文介绍了质构仪的构造及工作原理,并对其在面条、大米、肉品等食品品质评价中的应用研究进展进行了综述及展望。     

“五横五纵”矩阵型机械原理教学模式的探索与实践

建立“五横五纵”矩阵型机械原理教学新体系,旨在培养具有综合能力的个性化创新人才。所谓“五横”,即通过机械原理理论与实践教学所要培养的学生的五种基本知识与技能,包括基础理论知识、工程实践能力、分析计算能力、软件应用能力和创新设计能力;“五纵”即机械原理教学的五个关键环节,包括课堂教学、实验教学、课程设计、大作业和创新设计比赛。“五横五纵”矩阵型机械原理教学模式是一个开放性的、密切关联的网络体系;矩阵中的每一个节点代表了某一教学环节对学生基本能力的培养。     

现代化进程中政府行政伦理缺失的主体归因及内部防范

政府行政伦理的主体既包括各级政府机构,又应包括政府中行政人员个体。在现代化进程中,政府行政伦理缺失的主体归因包括：行政主体的行政价值失衡;行政主体的角色冲突;政府行政人员自身道德意识的缺失。政府行政伦理的内在制约对于行政伦理缺失的防范和制约具有长远、根本性的作用。