关于我国旅行社信息化建设的思考

本文探讨了旅行社信息化发展趋势的必然性,并就加快我国旅行社信息化建设提出了对策建议。     

Animal behavior in urban ecosystems: Modifications due to human-induced stress

Wildlife-human interactions are increasing in prevalence as urban sprawl continues to encroach into rural areas. Once considered to be unsuitable habitat for most wildlife species, urban/suburban areas now host an array of wildlife populations, many of which were previously restricted to rural or pristine habitats. The presence of some wildlife species in close proximity to dense human populations can create conflict, forcing resource managers to address issues relating to urban wildlife. However, evidence suggests that wildlife residing in urban areas may not exhibit the same life history traits as their rural counterparts because of adaptation to human-induced stresses. This creates difficulty for biologists or managers that must address problems associated with urban wildlife. Population control or mitigation efforts aimed at urban wildlife require detailed knowledge of the habits of wildlife populations in urban areas. This paper describes the history of wildlife in urban areas, provides examples of wildlife populations that have modified their behavior as an adaptation to urban stresses, and discusses the challenges that resource managers face when dealing with urban wildlife.     

中国古代教师文化的考察

在中国古代不同的历史时期,教师的称谓和地位各不相同,人生观与价值取向也迥然相异,但他们都是古代圣贤文化的代表。他们在文化性格上偏重于成就道德而不重视成就知识,重视对“道统”的建设和阐发。但是,由于古代教师大多是统治集团内的官员,具有政治依附性,因而,在现实生活中处在“道”与“王”的夹缝中求生存这样一种生存样态。     

Employment and the Risk of Domestic Abuse Among Low‐Income Women

This paper uses data from 2 randomized evaluations of welfare‐to‐work programs—the Minnesota Family Investment Program and the National Evaluation of Welfare‐to‐Work Strategies—to estimate the effect of employment on domestic abuse among low‐income single mothers. Unique to our analysis is the application of a 2‐stage least squares method, in which random assignment enables us to control for omitted characteristics that might otherwise confound the association between employment and domestic abuse. We find that increased maternal employment decreases subsequent reports of domestic abuse in both studies. In the Minnesota Family Investment Program—a program with an enhanced income disregard that allowed welfare mothers to keep a portion of their welfare income as earnings rose—an increase in household incomes appears to have contributed to reductions in reports of domestic abuse.     

An analysis of variables affecting length of stay in foster care

The purpose of this paper was to find out whether the relationship between type of contact with agency and/or child in foster care and average number of contacts over time makes any difference in length of stay in foster care. Four types of contacts were examined: Family—Agency, Family Initiated—Agency, Social Worker—Initiated, and Family—Child. Results indicated that there were critical numbers for each contact type found to be statistically significant that would tend to reduce the length of the child's stay in foster care. The importance of contact during the first month of placement was emphasized.     

Reconsidering Ideological Lines: Beliefs about Poverty in America*

Our nation's policy to reduce poverty reflects the belief that poverty is caused by institutional discrimination. This study first identifies the ideological and political nature of this position in relation to the classically ideological individualistic and structural beliefs about poverty. Second, it tests a block variable regression model of popular support for the various belief sets to determine how deeply Americans divide along traditional ideological lines. This model includes not only objective status and demographic factors but subjective variables as well. The results indicate only shallow cleavages in beliefs about poverty and account for why previous studies found deeper ones. Support for the institutional discrimination position is especially broad and is independent of support for individualistic or structural beliefs. These findings suggest that this position and its policy represent a successful political compromise and a viable way for people to resolve their ideological inconsistencies.     

试论无过错配偶方之法律救济——从夫妻忠实义务谈起

随着市场经济的发展,居民收入差距逐渐拉大,社会传统的性道德观念下降,"通奸"、"包二奶"等热各种不文明现象增加,严重扰乱正常的婚姻秩序.针对此现象,我国婚姻法规定夫妻之间有相互忠实的义务,那么无过错配偶方通过法律渠道寻求救济就成为司法实践迫切需要解决的问题.     

民族旅游地居民分类与支持行为： 基于文化适应理论的视角

在民族旅游地的发展中,居民态度及主客之间的关系是旅游产业需要解决的关键问题.基于文化适应理论,通过开发Berry文化适应二维模型,对贵州黔东南黎平肇兴侗寨241位社区居民样本的实证研究显示:旅游情境中,居民在主客跨文化互动中具有整合、同化、分离、边缘四种文化适应类型,并以整合型居多;整合与同化意味着文化适应程度高,分离和边缘意味着文化适应程度低;女性的文化适应程度比男性高;文化适应程度越高的居民对旅游产业的支持度越高,具体而言,文化适应能力较强的居民对旅游者更加热情,也更愿意为目的地进行推荐宣传. 因此,旅游规划和管理部门应重视并着力提升民族旅游地居民在旅游发展中的文化适应能力,使其既能自信地展示和传承民俗文化,又能与旅游者进行热情、友好的互动,从而在文化、经济等层面推动目的地的可持续发展.