The Role of Giving and Receiving Emotional Support on Depressive Symptomatology among Older Couples: An Application of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

The present study investigated whether perception of receiving emotional support mediates the relationship between one partner's giving of emotional support and the other partner's depressive symptomatology using a population-based sample of 423 couples from the Changing Lives of Older Couples study. A path model was used guided by the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Results indicated that spouses' giving emotional support was related to the degree to which their spouse reported receiving emotional support. Perception of receiving emotional support, in turn, was related to lower depressive symptomatology of the support recipient. Both husbands and wives can benefit from emotional support through their perception of receiving emotional support, and spouses' perceptions, as well as their actions, should be considered in support transactions.     

Child custody issues and co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners

The situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co‐occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi‐voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.     

A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care

Rajhvajn Bulat L. A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 412–423 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges involved when making longitudinal observations of depressiveness in children raised in public care. The first measurement comprised 375 children from children's homes and foster families; however, most of the results are based on an analysis of the 139 children who participated in both parts of the research. We used the Child Depression Inventory and the anxiety/depression subscales of Youth Self Report and Child Behaviour Checklist as measures of depressiveness. The comparison of results from the first and second measurements showed that depressiveness in children in public care decreased over time. Children who grew up in children homes were, in the first measurement, more depressed than those living in foster families, but after five years that difference had disappeared. Furthermore, decrease in depressiveness is predominantly associated with less frequent delinquent, aggressive or hyperactive behaviour, less withdrawal and better control over uncomfortable emotions.     

Unbiased estimation of the parameter of a selected binomial population

The problem is to estimate the parameter of a selected binomial population. The selction rule is to choose the population with the greatest number of successes and, in the case of a tie, to follow one of two schemes: either choose the population with the smallest index or randomize among the tied populations. Since no unbiased estimator exists in the above case, we employ a second stage of sampling and take additional observations on the selected population. We find the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) under the first tie break scheme and we prove that no UMVUE exists under the second. We find an unbiased estimator with desirable properties in the case where no UMVUE exists.     

Gender and returns to promotion: The role of social and power relations

This study extends a theoretical framework of structural resources and vulnerabilities to an examination of individual promotion outcomes. Promotions of 454 individuals to administrative and professional staff positions in one higher education organization are analyzed. The findings confirm that both individual and structural resources are important for explaining the administrative level achieved by promotion in this setting. Although the returns to resouces do not vary by gender, women receive significantly less return to their promotions than men do to theirs. These findings underscore the importance of examining not only individual and structural resources but also the role of gender in the social and power relations that influence the promotion of women and men in organizations.     

望文生义的恶果

比窦娥还冤 1996年,笔者何震在加拿大职业发展学院北京分部做Bernard Liu先生的助手时,来自加拿大的Roseanne走进我的办公室和我聊天。我们聊得很投机,我指着桌子上的很多文件对她说：“平时工作太忙,我希望自己每天能工作24个小时,因为有一些不是很重要的但是必须做的工作总是抽不出时间”。Roseanne当时的回答是：“Henry（笔者的英文名字）,whatashame!”直到今天,我还清楚地记得我当时心里的一股无名怒火,     

Exploring Relationships between Social Policy and Changing Family Forms within the European Union

This article examines critically the linkages posited between social policy and changing family forms in European Union member states since the 1960s. While lower fertility rates, changing family patterns, population ageing and the rapid growth in women's economic activity can be shown to provoke policy responses, evidence for a causal impact of policy on demographic behaviour and for the diffusion of policies between countries is inconclusive. The article argues that policy environments are shaped by a complex array of factors, which may appear, in certain configurations, to be conducive to family building or to the development of particular family forms.