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401.
William R. Boulton Stephen G. Franklin William M. Lindsay Leslie W. Rue 《Long Range Planning》1982,15(1):82-86
This article reports on the changes that have taken place in the long-range planning practices of several U.S. and Canadian firms over the last 5 years. In October 1974, the long-range practices of approximately 400 firms were reported in Long Range Planning. A follow-up survey of these same firms was recently completed. The percentage of responding companies that prepare some type of written long-range plan has not changed; however, there have been some changes in the extent and content of these plans. The mix of objectives, use of external factors, plans for growth, and methods for controlling the plan have all changed slightly between 1974 and 1979. 相似文献
402.
Hanks WA Driggs XA Lindsay GB Merrill RM 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》1999,48(3):135-137
Driver fatigue is recognized as an important highway safety risk. Many organizations have published recommendations for coping with driver fatigue. The authors explored the effectiveness of 10 common coping strategies, using a case-controlled design to examine the use of coping strategies among a random sample of college students (N = 301). The students were questioned about their use of coping strategies for driver fatigue and their record of having experienced a dozing-related incident. Odds ratios were calculated and 4 strategies--taking a walk, drinking caffeinated beverages, stopping for a nap, and chewing ice--were found to predict an incident. Three other strategies, snacking, rolling the window down, and talking with a passenger, were found to be protective. 相似文献
403.
Undocumented Mexican immigrants and the earnings of other workers in the United States 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This article examines the effects of undocumented Mexican immigrants on the earnings of other workers in geographical labor markets in the Southwest. The number of undocumented Mexicans included in the 1980 census in southwestern SMSAs is estimated. We then estimate the parameters of three specifications of a generalized Leontief production function with various demographic groups as substitutable factors. The statistically significant effects of undocumented Mexicans on the earnings of other groups are positive, but of slight magnitude. Legal immigrants' effects on native white earnings, however, are small and negative. The results are consistent with the possibility that undocumented Mexican immigrants' jobs complement those of other workers. The implications for public policy concerns about the effects of illegal Mexican immigration are discussed. 相似文献
404.
Lindsay Herbert John 《Social indicators research》2004,68(1):107-126
The validity of a scale, from the OntarioHealth Survey, measuring the subjective senseof well-being, for a large multiculturalpopulation in Metropolitan Toronto, is examinedthrough principal components analysis withoblique rotation. Four factors are extracted. Factor 1, is a stress and strain factor, andconsists of health worries, feeling exhaustedand worn out, and feeling tense. Factor 2,interpreted as a sense of control, consists ofno health worries, and ability to handlefeelings. Factor 3, interpreted as positiveaffect, consists of having an interesting life,feeling cheerful and light-hearted, feelingloved, feeling relaxed and full of vitality. Factor 4 is interpreted as a despondency factorconsists of feeling lonely, having a boringlife, inability to control feelings and feelinglow. The statistic of multiple discriminantanalysis between the variables, sex, age, andethnic groupings, as independent discriminatingvariables and the four factor scores asdependent variables, is calculated. Theresults show that the observed mean variance inthe well-being factor scores cannot beexplained by the respondents being eitherfemale or male, or being a certain age or bybelonging to specific cultural groupings. These results are discussed in relation toother studies on the dimensions of subjectivewell-being. 相似文献
405.
Sennott Christie Lindsay Sadé L. Kelly Brian C. Vuolo Mike 《Population research and policy review》2022,41(4):1809-1829
Population Research and Policy Review - As states liberalize their cannabis laws, cannabis use has become more widespread among adults across the United States, including pregnant women. As a... 相似文献
406.
Self-reported regulatory data are hard to verify. This article compares air emissions reported by plants in the Toxics Release
Inventory with chemical concentration levels measured by EPA pollution monitors. We find that the large drops in air emissions
reported by firms in the TRI are not always matched by similar reductions in measured concentrations from EPA monitors. When
the first digits of the monitored chemical concentrations follow a monotonically decreasing distribution, we expect (via Benford's
Law) a similar distribution of first digits for the TRI data. For lead and nitric acid the self-reported data do not follow
the expected first digit pattern. This suggests that for these two heavily regulated chemicals plants are not reporting accurate
estimates of their air emissions.
JEL Classification K32, Q53 相似文献
407.
408.
This article considers two visual cultures of America’s deterrent state in the Cold War, the cinematic and cybernetic, by following the history of the 600th Photographic Squadron of the United States (US) Air Force in Vietnam and its 1950s progenitor, the 1352nd Motion Picture Squadron, or Lookout Mountain Laboratory. We argue that cinematic and cybernetic visual cultures were at the heart of a Cold War visual alliance that was also a Cold War visual contest, and cameras were situated at the centre of the contest. Specifically, the cinematic and the cybernetic represent two distinct visualities of vision, as the Cold War cameras of the Air Force assumed either transcendental or transcendent positions. The former, in keeping with a cinematic visuality, was oriented towards casting America as a sight to see in the context of its war on communism, with cameras operating as a condition of possibility for the construction of the ‘image’, whereas the latter, in keeping with a cybernetic visuality, was oriented towards the American appetite to see, to monitor and survey the world over, with cameras operating as processors of ‘information’. The history of the 600th Photographic Squadron and its progenitor, Lookout Mountain Laboratory, suggests that the transition from cinematic to cybernetic visualities of vision was part of a broader transformation in the US Cold War state from a nuclear deterrent state to a supra-nuclear deterrent state. 相似文献
409.
Natalie Karavarsamis Andrew P. Robinson Graham Hepworth Andrew J. Hamilton Geoffrey W. Heard 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2013,55(3):235-252
Site occupancy, as estimated by the probability of presence, is used for monitoring species populations. However, the detection of species at individual sites is often subject to errors. In order to accurately estimate occupancy we must simultaneously account for imperfect detectability by estimating the probability of detection. The problem with estimating occupancy arises from not knowing whether a nondetection occurred at an occupied site due to imperfect detectability (sampling zeros), or the nondetection resulting from an unoccupied site (fixed zeros). We evaluated the performance of the basic, normal approximation, studentised and percentile methods for approximating confidence limits for occupancy and detection of species. Using coverage and average interval width, we demonstrated that the studentised estimator was generally superior to the others, except when a small sample of sites are selected. Under this circumstance and when calculating limits for detection, no estimator produced reliable results. The experimental factors we considered include: (i) number of sites; (ii) number of survey occasions; (iii) probabilities of presence (occupancy) and detection; and (iv) overdispersion in the capture matrix. Similar conclusions were reached both for the simulated studies and a case study. Overall, estimation near the boundaries of the probability of occupancy and detectability was difficult. 相似文献
410.
Myra Hamilton 《The Australian journal of social issues》2012,47(4):457-477
Over the last few decades, changes in Australia's retirement incomes policy, including the introduction of compulsory superannuation, have seen governments encourage individuals to provide for their own old age from private means. This process has been described as ‘privatisation’ of retirement incomes. However, beyond the ‘privatisation’ thesis, there has been little critical examination of what these changes have meant for the nature and relative importance of the different principles underpinning Australia's retirement incomes system. This paper aims to provide such an examination. Drawing on the principles of deservingness and need, the paper provides an historical analysis of the development of Australia's retirement incomes system, tracing how these two principles underpinned the first age pension and subsequently contributed to the emergence of compulsory superannuation. This approach provides a deeper understanding of how contemporary policy changes have altered the structure of Australia's retirement incomes system, arguing that there are important historical continuities as well as changes. It argues that the phrase ‘state‐supported private saving’, rather than ‘privatisation’, captures the nature of this contemporary reform process. 相似文献