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31.
Lauren Nichol Gase Beth A. Glenn Louis M. Gomez Tony Kuo Moira Inkelas Ninez A. Ponce 《Race and social problems》2016,8(4):296-312
Contact with the justice system can lead to a range of poor health and social outcomes. While persons of color are disproportionately represented in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems, reasons for these patters remain unclear. This study sought to examine the extent and sources of differences in arrests during adolescence and young adulthood among blacks, whites, and Hispanics in the USA. Multilevel cross-sectional logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 12,752 respondents). Results showed significantly higher likelihood of having ever been arrested among blacks, when compared to whites, even after controlling for a range of delinquent behaviors (odds ratio = 1.58, 95 % confidence interval = 1.27, 1.95). These black–white disparities were no longer present after accounting for racial composition of the neighborhood, supporting the growing body of research demonstrating the importance of contextual variables in driving disproportionate minority contact with the justice system. 相似文献
32.
We use a cross-country survey of attitudes toward work and unions, which includes a sample of managers in both the US and Canada, to explore whether there is greater attitudinal hostility to unions in the U.S. Our estimates indicate that American manager’s attitudes towards unions are, perhaps surprisingly, less hostile than those of Canadian managers. We explain this first finding by the differential effect of perceived union power, which is greater in Canada than the US and which is correlated negatively with union approval. We also find that US managers are less likely to use extreme methods to oppose union organizing drives, implying that the lower union rates in the US as compared to Canada are not likely the result of greater negativity towards unions themselves but rather some other factor or combination of factors. The implication is that if Canadian managers faced the same labor relations playing field as their US counterparts, they would likely find it easier to thwart union certification drives as well. Alternatively stated, Canadian-style labor relations reforms (such as card-check systems or quicker certification votes) could perhaps tip the balance in favor of unions when organizing in the US. 相似文献
33.
Lourdes Basurto Arturo Zarate Raquel Gomez Columba Vargas Renata Saucedo Rosa Galván 《The aging male》2013,16(3):140-145
Objective.?The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in healthy elderly men who had low levels of total testosterone.Design.?Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Participants.?Forty-eight men over 60 years old with decreased testosterone levels (≤320 ng/dL) comprised the study. Twenty-five out of 48 received intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate every three weeks during 12 months; the remaining 23 participants formed the control group. All participants had measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in both lumbar spine and hip before and at the end of the study as well as testosterone and 17-β estradiol levels.Results:?Testosterone treated group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increment (from 1.198 ± 0.153 to 1.240 ± 0.141 g/cm2) in lumbar BMD in parallel with a significant (p < 0.001) increment (from 301 ± 32 to 471 ± 107 ng/dL) in testosterone concentrations, whereas no significant change occurred in femoral neck BMD.Conclusions.?Testosterone therapy elicited a positive effect only in lumbar BMD in elderly men with diminished testosterone serum levels. 相似文献
34.
Gomez GE 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2001,39(8):31-37
1. Lithium remains unmatched for long-term effectiveness against the morbidity and mortality associated with bipolar I and II disorders. 2. Lithium is the first choice for bipolar depression. 3. Recent studies suggest that long-term lithium treatment may have mortality-lowering and anti-suicidal effects. 4. Chronic lithium, or valproate, administration has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect on rat and human cultured neurons. 相似文献
35.
Segmented assimilation theory posits that uneven rates of intergenerational acculturation—the process by which immigrants and their children learn the language and normative lifestyles of a new culture—can be detrimental to the parent-child relationship. This paper presents results on parental self-efficacy from an intervention study—Vida Alegre [Happy/Contented Life]—for depressed immigrant mothers that includes a three-session module based on Gottman & DeClaire (2001) concept of emotional bidding. Using a mixed-methods design, this study examines whether exposure to the intervention increased parental self-efficacy. Outcome data from the Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) administered at three points in time—pre-test, post-test, and 3 months follow-up—was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. Constant comparative analysis was used to code 3 focus groups and 10 post-treatment interviews. Results indicate a significant increase in parental self-efficacy between pre-test and post-test. An analysis of mixed methods results further highlights the importance of tailoring interventions to help immigrant parents reinterpret their child's communications to strengthen family relationships. 相似文献
36.
Carmen Gomez Mandic Sarah Johaningsmeir Timothy E. Corden Alison Earle Dolores Acevedo-Garcia John B. Gordon 《Community, Work & Family》2017,20(4):444-458
Objectives: This study examined parental care of children with medical complexity (CMC) in terms of time spent providing care and impacts on employment and career.Methods: We recruited caregivers of 153 CMC in a tertiary center complex care program to participate in a cross-sectional mail survey.Results: Among 95 respondents (62% of eligible), 75% of primary caregivers and 53% of spouses experienced employment losses and one-third experienced negative career outcomes attributed to care for CMC. On weekdays during the day (6 a.m.–6 p.m.), 55% of caregivers provided care for 8 hours or more. On weekday evenings and nights, half of caregivers provided care for at least 6 hours, including 53% of caregivers who provided care from midnight to 6 a.m.; these proportions were higher on weekends. Compared to employed caregivers, non-employed caregivers reported spending more time providing care on weekdays (P?=?.001), but less time providing care on weekend evenings (P?=?.019). On weekend days and weekday evenings/nights, employment was not associated with duration of care.Conclusions: Caring for CMC frequently impacts employment and careers of caregivers and spouses. Employed and non-employed caregivers invest substantial time in care. Research on CMC should include indirect costs of family care in terms of employment, income, and time. 相似文献
37.
One of the principal uses of simulation in business and industry is to compare alternative policies or decision rules for the operation and control of complex systems. The immediate objective of such simulation studies is usually quite simple: to discover the best of the several policies under consideration. The measure of effectiveness used is also usually straightforward, often dollars of cost or profit. The basic experimental design that will produce the best comparison of alternatives is generally agreed upon: all policies should be compared under, to the extent possible, identical experimental conditions, i.e., when randomness is involved, all alternatives in a simulation experiment should be simulated using a common sequence of randomly-generated events. 相似文献
38.
Promoting Well-Being Through Relationship Building: The Role of Smartphone Technology in Foster Care
Ramona W. Denby Efren Gomez Keith A. Alford 《Journal of Technology in Human Services》2016,34(2):183-208
Mindful of the tremendous risk factors that foster youths encounter, a federal demonstration project sought to increase their protective factors and to mitigate their adverse experiences. The ability to form and maintain healthy relationships is a key protective factor as it helps youths navigate life’s challenges, especially those challenges that result from unresolved loss and grief as a result of being in care. The study was guided by a relational competence framework. The youths were issued smartphones, and their social service providers were given a Web-based application designed to increase communication between the foster youths, their providers, and their mentors. Findings reveal several favorable outcomes associated with the use of the smartphones but also several unintended negative consequences. Recommendations for balancing youths’, caregivers’, and providers’ needs, positions, and rights are discussed. Likewise, the authors discuss the study’s implications for program development that utilizes smartphone technology to increase youths’ ability to experience healthy relationships. 相似文献
39.
Barbara Torres‐Gomez Itziar Alonso‐Arbiol Miriam Gallarin 《Journal of research on adolescence》2020,30(Z1):46-54
This study examined adopted adolescents’ levels of attachment security to parents and aggressiveness as compared to those of community nonadopted adolescents and of clinical nonadopted adolescents. Three different subsamples participated (n = 262): 101 community nonadopted adolescents (48.5% girls), 80 community adopted teens (65.0% girls), and 81 nonadopted counterparts (35.8% girls) who participated in a treatment program for youth with behavioral problems. There were no differences between community groups in attachment security or aggressiveness, whereas clinical nonadopted adolescents showed less attachment security and more aggressiveness than the other two groups. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the potential healing impact that living with adoptive families could have on adopted teenagers’ risk of maladaptive outcomes. 相似文献
40.
Ms. Leslie L. Barnhart Ed.S. LSW LPC Vanessa D. Fitzpatrick MSW LSW Ms. Nancy L. Sidell LISW Margaret J. Adams LISW Dr. Glenn S. Shields DSW Sheila J. Gomez MSW MPH LSW 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1994,11(2):137-148
This paper studies the needs of a family in which a child has been diagnosed with cancer. The tasks of the family include meeting the physical and psychosocial needs of the child while attempting to maintain normal family functioning. Various psychological and social factors affect the outcome of medical treatment and the recovery process. The paper highlights the needs assessment as a tool in a comprehensive approach to service delivery. 相似文献