‘The boys and girls not calling me names and the teachers to believe me’. Name calling and the experiences of Travellers in school

This paper is about name calling and bullying of Gypsy and Show Travellers in school and the response of schools. The data discussed were gathered as part of a small‐scale study of the experiences of Gypsy and Show Travellers in school in Scotland and of the views of school and Traveller support staff. The overall focus of the study was on exclusion and perceptions of deviance. There was a difference in the teachers' views of the two groups of Travellers, with Gypsy Traveller pupils perceived as having, and presenting, more difficulties in school. However both Gypsy and Show Traveller children experienced frequent racist bullying and name calling, often not acknowledged by their school. The paper focuses particularly on this latter aspect of our research, raising issues about the ability of schools to support diversity and suggesting that approaches to bullying often fail to address both broader issues of social relationships in school and also the historical and cultural context of prejudice against Travellers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A growth model with population as an endogenous variable

Abstract This paper presents a recursive model of economic growth in which particular attention is paid to the demographic assumptions and their effects on the growth of income per head. The labour inputs depend both on the growth of the labour force and on the effectiveness of labour supplied, which in turn depends on the level of consumption per head, given the stock of capital and natural resources. Population growth is a function of two types of birth control programme; one is the subsidized supply of birth control instruments and the other is a bonus scheme which pays people not to have children. In examining the solution of the model, emphasis is placed on the sensitivity of the growth rate to variations in the allocation of the state's budget among various growth and non-growth inducing expenditures, including birth control. A numerical simulation, based on South Asian data, indicates the kind of calculation that can be made in this type offully recursive model.     

Bringing reality to the job hunt process. Interview by Barbara J. Linney

A substantial percentage of the positions that open in medical management are filled through the use of recruitment firms. This is especially true of more senior positions, but it applies across the full spectrum of openings. If the working arrangement between the recruitment firm and the potential candidate is to be effective, certain key ingredients are necessary. The author interviewed a selection of principals of recruitment firms that operate extensively or exclusively in the medical management sector of executive recruitment. What she discovered about their "wish lists" for candidates' characteristics and levels of job hunting sophistication are summarized in the following statements.     

Gender Differences in Time Use Among Adolescents in Developing Countries: Implications of Rising School Enrollment Rates

This comparative analysis of gender differences in time use among adolescents uses surveys from five developing countries and is motivated by an interest in gender role socialization and gendered patterns of behavior during adolescence. Exploring differences in work (both noneconomic household work and labor market work) and leisure time among adolescents according to school enrollment status, we examine the implications of school enrollment for adolescent development. Consistent differences in time use patterns exist between students and nonstudents across a range of settings. Students spend many fewer hours than nonstudents in work activities and the type of work they do is primarily domestic. Although females carry a heavier workload and enjoy less leisure time than males during their adolescent years regardless of enrollment status, the distribution of their time and the types of activities they participate in are much more similar to their male peers when they are students.     

Migration and metropolitan opportunity structures: A demographic response to racial inequality

This paper examines the impact of racial inequality on black and white migration rates for a sample of metropolitan areas in the United States 1975–1980. A conceptual framework for migration that includes a measure of racial inequality is developed and evaluated. The results indicate that blacks are attracted to areas with lower levels of inequality, but contrary to our expectations, the rate of black out-migration is lower in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas with higher levels of racial inequality. In addition, whites seem to be attracted to labor markets where whites have the greatest advantage as measured by occupational inequality, and they are more likely to leave areas where the competition with blacks for jobs is greater. Implications for theory and further research for the comparative study of black and white migration are outlined.     

An examination of four housing policies for New York City

Using JW Forrester's Urban Dynamics city model as a starting point, an economic model of the housing market of New York City was constructed incorporating City data on housing stock, rent levels, operating expenses and return on capital. Several possible housing policies were examined over a range of model parameters. It was found that, as Forrester found, artificially restricting new housing construction and increasing slum housing demolition would serve to drive the poor from the City by making adequate housing unavailable but, in contrast to Forrester's conclusions, this would have little effect on upward mobility, the availability of jobs, or influx of labor population.