地区间个人收入差距的状况及特点(英文)

在地区收入差距的文献中,一直缺乏从个人收入角度出发的研究;而关于个人收入分配的研究,也很少考察地区差异。文章使用2005年全国1％人口普查数据,从个人收入角度描述了全国及（几种不同定义下的）地区间的个人收入差距,并分析了影响个人收入差距的因素,得到了一些有意义的结果。     

南宋江南市场的移民因素

大规模移民与劳动力流动及其所带动的其他生产要素与商品的流动和组合,在江南市场实现资源配置.移民的技能、资本在城镇进入劳动力市场与工商服务业,在农村进入土地交易与租佃市场,移民的多样化消费需求与开拓意识,都促进了江南各类市场的发展.临安大都会市场是移民因素最集中和深刻的体现,江南市镇在南宋的成长,亦广泛地烙下移民的印迹.     

A tutorial on rank-based coefficient estimation for censored data in small- and large-scale problems

The analysis of survival endpoints subject to right-censoring is an important research area in statistics, particularly among econometricians and biostatisticians. The two most popular semiparametric models are the proportional hazards model and the accelerated failure time (AFT) model. Rank-based estimation in the AFT model is computationally challenging due to optimization of a non-smooth loss function. Previous work has shown that rank-based estimators may be written as solutions to linear programming (LP) problems. However, the size of the LP problem is O(n ²+p) subject to n ² linear constraints, where n denotes sample size and p denotes the dimension of parameters. As n and/or p increases, the feasibility of such solution in practice becomes questionable. Among data mining and statistical learning enthusiasts, there is interest in extending ordinary regression coefficient estimators for low-dimensions into high-dimensional data mining tools through regularization. Applying this recipe to rank-based coefficient estimators leads to formidable optimization problems which may be avoided through smooth approximations to non-smooth functions. We review smooth approximations and quasi-Newton methods for rank-based estimation in AFT models. The computational cost of our method is substantially smaller than the corresponding LP problem and can be applied to small- or large-scale problems similarly. The algorithm described here allows one to couple rank-based estimation for censored data with virtually any regularization and is exemplified through four case studies.     

Regenerative Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Any Distribution

While Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are frequently used for difficult calculations in a wide range of scientific disciplines, they suffer from a serious limitation: their samples are not independent and identically distributed. Consequently, estimates of expectations are biased if the initial value of the chain is not drawn from the target distribution. Regenerative simulation provides an elegant solution to this problem. In this article, we propose a simple regenerative MCMC algorithm to generate variates for any distribution.     

On Christensen's conjecture

In this paper we give solution to a conjecture appearing in Christensen (1997, p. 360) in relation to the definitions of standardized residuals in loglinear models. Work done when he was visiting as the Distinguished Lukacs Professor on leave from the Complutense University of Madrid. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Ⅱ—32A的配对提纯及其纯系的性状表现

介绍了水稻不育系Ⅱ—32A的提纯经过、方法以及纯系Ⅱ—32—5A、Ⅱ—32—8A的品系纯度不育株率、不育度和生育特性等性状表现。     

案例教学模式在《法医病理学》教学中的应用

《法医病理学》是一门多学科综合、实践性和应用性都非常强的学科。作为启发式、参与式和民主式教学模式的案例教学,在《法医病理学》的教学中更能发挥出其独特的优势。案例是案例教学区别于其他教学模式的关键所在,积极讨论交流是案例教学成功的决定因素,最后的总结是整个案例教学过程的点睛之处,引导学生对案例有全面深入的认识。     

从行为经济学视角看企业责任伦理

责任伦理一词于20世纪70年代开始在世界上广为传播。今天,在应用伦理学中,责任伦理已成核心概念。责任伦理在企业伦理学中的应用研究,使企业责任从狭隘的利润优先论转变为综合社会责任论,并使企业社会责任成为研究的重点领域之一。然而,企业责任伦理理论是从批判利润优先论的立论基础"理性经济人"切入的,因而它又忽略了作为企业主导的企业家的非理性行为及其所带来的道德风险,亦是制约企业履行社会责任的重要因素之一。行为经济学揭示出的企业家非理性行为偏差及其带来某些隐患的思想,为我们研究企业责任伦理提供了一个新的视角:深入剖析企业(尤其是企业家)非理性心理动机下的行为偏差以及这些偏差可能在道德方面造成的后果,并提出相应的对策,这是新时期企业伦理学的一项重要任务。     

仪式感如何生成——仪式发挥文化功能的运行机理研究

仪式感的生成是仪式通过其自身存在的结构、运行机制以及运行逻辑发挥的文化功能。人们通过实践活动形成了包括过渡结构、符号秩序和互动结构在内的仪式结构系统。人们通过在仪式的结构系统中的感性对象性活动实现了抽象文化的具象化。在此基础上,仪式的惯习、规训与惩罚、臣服与资质的运行机制推动着运行结构发挥着文化功能,而贯穿仪式发挥文化功能始终的是感性经验、生活和关系再生产的运行逻辑,这种运行逻辑也构成了人们仪式实践的思维图示。