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343.
Towards a Sociological Critique of the Normalisation Principle 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Anne Louise Chappell 《Disability & Society》1992,7(1):35-51
The normalisation principle is the dominant paradigm in the field of learning difficulty research and service development. This paper attempts a sociological examination of the normalisation principle. It argues that the location of learning difficulty as a practice-oriented issue and its absence from a sociological agenda have rendered normalisation theoretically weak. The critique discusses the following points. The concerns of the normalisation principle reflect those of professionals rather than of people with learning difficulties. Normalisation lacks an exploration of the power relationship between (able-bodied) professionals and (disabled) service users. Finally, it encompasses no analysis of the material and ideological factors which socially construct learning difficulty and disempower and (literally) impoverish people with learning difficulties. 相似文献
344.
Long-term effects of teaching behavioral strategies for managing persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Buccheri R Trygstad L Dowling G Hopkins R White K Griffin JJ Henderson S Suciu L Hippe S Kaas MJ Covert C Hebert P 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2004,42(1):18-27
1. Attendance at a 10-week class designed to teach behavioral management strategies to people with schizophrenia was effective in reducing some of the negative characteristics of auditory hallucinations for 12 months and in reducing anxiety for 9 months after completion of the class. 2. The sustained improvement experienced by class participants was characterized by their voices being less frequent and more mumbled and the participants feeling more in control, less distractible, and less anxious. 3. Participants recommended that other mental health consumers take similar classes to learn how to better manage their voices. 4. Monthly support groups may help participants maintain gains lost during the follow-up period. 相似文献
345.
Sharpe L Walker M Coughlan MJ Enersen K Blaszczynski A 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):503-520
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three proposed modifications to the structural characteristics of electronic
gaming machines as harm minimisation strategies for non-problem and probable problem gamblers. Structural changes included
reducing the maximum bet size, reducing reel spin and removing large note acceptors. Behavioural patterns of play were observed
in 779 participants attending clubs and hotels. Observations were conducted in the gaming venue during regular gaming sessions.
Eight experimental machines were designed to represent every combination of the modifications. 210 participants played at
least one modified and one unmodified machine. Following play, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) was administered. More
problem than non-problem gamblers used high denomination bill acceptors and bet over one-dollar per wager. Machines modified
to accept the one-dollar maximum bet were played for less time and were associated with smaller losses, fewer individual wagers
and lower levels of alcohol consumption and smoking. It was concluded that the reduction of maximum bet levels was the only
modification likely to be effective as a harm minimization strategy for problem gamblers. 相似文献
346.
Data from interviews with 94 young women who were injection drug users (IDUs) or partners of IDUs were analyzed to examine associations between self-reported sexual decision making and condom use, contraceptive use, and relationship characteristics. Most women (73-85%) reported participating in decisions about condom use, contraception, and when to have sex. Adjusting for potential covariates, respondents who reported participating in decisions about condom use and when to have sex were 7 and 19 times, respectively, more likely than others to report recently using condoms. Respondents who reported participating in decisions about contraception were 20 times more likely than others to report recently using contraceptives. Longer sexual relationships were associated with decreased likelihood of condom or contraceptive use. 相似文献
347.
Witt L 《American demographics》2003,25(10):27-31
About two-thirds of all adult Americans are fat, but what's alarming is that more children and teenagers are overweight, and as they grow up, their health problems will have huge repercussions for our society. 相似文献
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349.
Mary Dupuis Sammel Louise M. Ryan & Julie M. Legler 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》1997,59(3):667-678
We propose a latent variable model for mixed discrete and continuous outcomes. The model accommodates any mixture of outcomes from an exponential family and allows for arbitrary covariate effects, as well as direct modelling of covariates on the latent variable. An EM algorithm is proposed for parameter estimation and estimates of the latent variables are produced as a by-product of the analysis. A generalized likelihood ratio test can be used to test the significance of covariates affecting the latent outcomes. This method is applied to birth defects data, where the outcomes of interest are continuous measures of size and binary indicators of minor physical anomalies. Infants who were exposed in utero to anticonvulsant medications are compared with controls. 相似文献
350.
Recent research into infant development and the development of the sense of self appears to contradict Mahler's theory of separation-individuation. The author proposes that these theories are not as divergent as first appears. Discerning shared features of these theories should prove clinically relevant and will enhance the social work clinician's understanding of early development and its relation to adult psychopathology. 相似文献