A welcome family planning service center

The Family Planning Service Center of Luohu District was organized by the Family Planning Committee of the district to help couples of child bearing age and 1-child families to overcome their difficulties. The services provided by the center include: distributing contraceptives, and providing consultation on birth control, contraception, healthy births and better upbringing, and maternal and child care. A peculiar feature of the center is that one sees many young and middle-aged people of both sexes going in and out of the place at all hours of the day and night. Workers from the center even go to offices and factories to provide services and distribute contraceptives. In close cooperation with neighborhood family planning centers, the center has also set up offices to distribute contraceptives and give advice. It is estimated that in Luohu District, at present, 90% of the couples of childbearing age are current users of contraceptives. In the city, the proportion of 1-child families is quite large. As a rule in China, preschool children are looked after by their grandparents. Living separately from their parents, however, many couples in the city find it difficult to find someone to care for their children. The center also provides assistance in finding child care help. The center has also invited experts and medical personnel to give 10 lectures on child nutriology, child psychology, birth control, contraception and pregnancy health.     

Welfare reform and changes in the economic well-being of children*

Since the implementation of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program in late-1996, welfare rolls have declined by more than half. This paper explores whether improvements in the economic well-being of children have accompanied this dramatic reduction in welfare participation. Further, we examine the degree to which the success or failure of welfare reform has been shared equally among families of varying educational background. We analyze data from the March Current Population Surveys (CPS) over the years 1988 through 2001. Specifically, we link data for families with children who are interviewed in adjacent years and determine whether their economic circumstances either improved or deteriorated. We use two alternative approaches to address this general issue: a variety of regression models and a difference-in-differences methodology. These approaches provide consistent answers. In a bivariate framework TANF is associated with higher incomes; but this association becomes insignificant in the presence of business cycle controls. We also determine that children who were poor at an initial time period benefit differently, depending on their parents' educational attainment level. Poor children with parents who do not have a high school degree are significantly worse off in the TANF era, relative to the era prior to welfare reform, than are poor children of more educated parents.     

我国高校教师评价制度改革与"双一流"建设刍议

我国现行的大学教师分类评价机制体系,其评价标准、评价目标、评价内容、评价方法都适应不了时代的发展需求,这就导致大学教师培养及队伍建设较为滞后."双一流"建设背景下,要引入和完善个性化评价标准,为高校特色化发展培育优秀的师资队伍;坚持公平公正的评价标准,不断增强评价主体的多元性和科学性;不断改革创新教师绩效评价的各项指标,真正实现科教融合,大力推动科研育人与教学研究和学术的良好协同与发展.     

习近平关于精准扶贫重要论述及其世界意义

消除贫困是全世界人民梦寐以求的理想.经过七十余年的反贫困理论总结和实践探索,中国成功走出了一条以"精准扶贫"为核心的具有中国特色的扶贫开发道路.习近平关于"精准扶贫"的重要论述,以"扶持谁、谁来扶、怎么扶、如何退"为逻辑思路,以"志智双扶"为根本要求,以转变扶贫模式为必由之路,既是新形势下打赢脱贫攻坚战的思想指南,又是构建"没有贫困、共同发展的人类命运共同体"的基本方略.习近平关于精准扶贫重要论述为全球减贫事业,特别是为广大发展中国家解决贫困治理难题贡献了中国智慧,对世界范围内减贫工作的开展具有重要意义.     

面向技术发展的人工智能弹性治理框架研究

人工智能技术的大规模应用一方面促进了相关领域的发展,另一方面也加速显现出了其所带来的风险.如何扬长避短,让人类在充分安全的条件下享用人工智能带来的重大利好,已经成为人工智能治理体系建设中的突出问题和重要任务.人工智能并非成熟技术,且在不同发展阶段呈现出了不同的技术特点和社会特征.人工智能治理体系建设相关研究应采用发展的思路,治理框架的设计要秉承弹性动态的理念,并与技术同步生长.本文着重对人工智能治理焦点的变化进行了分析,并对人工智能弹性治理框架的效用及可行性进行了详细阐述,以期为健全人工智能治理体系提供理论参考.     

刑事和解立法设置问题研究

我国的刑事立法中有关于刑事和解的间接依据,但其效力有限且缺乏可操作性。刑事和解的立法设置应当考虑立法的现状和实际情况,着重修改现行法律中与刑事和解相抵触或不相适应的部分,为刑事和解的适用提供法律依据,并从刑事程序法和实体法两方面着手分别加以完善。     

基于自组织理论的城市创新体系“四元主体模型”研究

城市技术创新体系的形成过程是复杂的,不仅是一体化职能交叉的过程而且是多机构系统集成网络联结的过程。文章依据创新型城市的基本内涵,运用自组织理论把创新体系看成一个整体进行考察,解释城市创新体系向高级形式发展的必然性。在此基础上,首先把城市技术创新体系的发展分为初期、中期、后期(四元主体模型阶段)三个过程;其次建立了四元主体模型;最后根据主导驱动元素的不同把四元主体模型阶段分为政府导向型、高校推动企业拉动导向型和自觉发展导向型三个主要表现形态,从而构建了以四元创新主体为核心的集散知识、技术的网络创新体系。     

先秦儒家天论思想的兴起、内容与理论功能

周王权衰弱之后,民间疑天、怨天、问天思潮相继发生,儒家论天思潮由此兴起.孟子对"天"进行了形而上的改造,贯通"天"与"人性",提出了"天爵"理念,认为"天"赋予人"仁义忠信"四爵,从而论证了"天"作为"至善"的道德本体意义;荀子指出"天"生养万物的自然功能,认为"天行有常",并不干预主宰人事,但天赋人喜怒爱恶的本性,需要礼仪制度、伦理教化来规范人事。     

现货供应不确定下的优化采购策略研究

在现货市场和传统契约市场共存时,研究了现货供应的不确定性和销售商的风险规避态度对于销售商的采购策略的影响。首先,在现货供应充足和供应不确定两种情况下分析了实现供应链协调的最优订购量和退货价格,以及销售商的风险规避态度对于订购量的影响.然后,通过数值计算进行了分析和验证.结果表明,现货供应充足时的订购量总是低于现货供应不确定时的订购量;但现货供应充足时供应链的期望利润高于现货供应不确定的情况.现货市场存在下,风险厌恶因子对订购量的影响趋势与单纯契约市场下正好相反.     

Optimal on-line algorithms for one batch machine with grouped processing times

In this paper, we study on-line scheduling problems on a batch machine with the assumption that all jobs have their processing times in [p, (1+φ)p], where p>0 and \(\phi=(\sqrt{5}-1)/2\). Jobs arrive over time. First, we deal with the on-line problem on a bounded batch machine with the objective to minimize makespan. A class of algorithms with competitive ratio \((\sqrt{5}+1)/2\) are given. Then we consider the scheduling on an unbounded batch machine to minimize the time by which all jobs have been delivered, and provide a class of on-line algorithms with competitive ratio \((\sqrt{5}+1)/2\). The two class of algorithms are optimal for the problems studied here.