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This article provides a Bayesian method of estimating the marginal posterior distributions for stochastic discount factors associated with observed asset returns. These estimates can be used to provide measures of fit for asset-pricing models and to identify broad features of the characteristics that should be explained. These measures of fit can be used to supplement model-evaluation exercises based on Hansen–Jagannathan bounds 相似文献
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Janina Isabel Steinert Lucie Dale Cluver G. J. Melendez-Torres Sebastian Vollmer 《Social indicators research》2018,136(1):51-72
Composite indices have been prominently used in poverty research. However, validity of these indices remains subject to debate. This paper examines the validity of a common type of composite poverty indices using data from a cross-sectional survey of 2477 households in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Multiple-group comparisons in structural equation modelling were employed for testing differences in the measurement model across urban and rural groups. The analysis revealed substantial variations between urban and rural respondents both in the conceptualisation of poverty as well as in the weights and importance assigned to individual poverty indicators. The validity of a ‘one size fits all’ measurement model can therefore not be confirmed. In consequence, it becomes virtually impossible to determine a household’s poverty level relative to the full sample. Findings from our analysis have important practical implications in nuancing how we can sensitively use composite poverty indices to identify poor people. 相似文献
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The task of fostering adolescents is unique, requiring skills, qualities, and information that acknowledge each young person's particular needs. This editorial summarises a range of research in this special issue covering parenting styles, transitions out of care, child sexual exploitation, and the needs of LGBTQ and separated teenagers. Three themes emerging from the papers are discussed: autonomy and control; risk, resilience, and trauma; and relationships, identity, and stigma. 相似文献
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The greatest hindrances to women's persistence in non-traditional jobs in industry are psychosocial and organizational; physical difficulties seem negligible in comparison. This study identifies the physical characteristics of three categories of manual jobs and shows how they affect the way women perform their work and their physical (and mental) health. On the basis of data collected on men and women's bodily pains, physical difficulties, and psychosocial problems, the study suggests that to a certain extent, women have succeeded qualitatively and quantitatively in entering these jobs, although problems—health risks, adaptation of tools and machinery, and the “cultural coexistence” of the sexes—remain to be resolved in the short term. The study finally suggests that women could take advantage of both organization in the workplace and their own technical qualifications to guarantee their legitimacy in such jobs. Les principaux obstacles au maintien des femmes en emploi non tra-ditionnel en industrie sont de nature psycho-sociale ou organisation-nelle. Les difficultés d'ordre physique paraissent négligeables en comparaison. Cette étude dresse la liste des caractéristiques physiques de trois catégories d'emplois manuels et montre comment celles-ci affectent la facilité avec laquelle les femmes les occupent et leur intégrité physique (et mentale). Sur la base d'un relevé des douleurs, difficultés physiques et problèmes psycho-sociaux des femmes et des homines, l'étude suggère un succès relatif, quantitatif et qualitatif, de rintégration des femmes dans ce milieu de travail, mais encore des problemes (de santé, d'aménagement matériel, de «co-existence culturelle» des sexes) qui à moyen terme devront être résolus, et que les femmes peuvent tirer parti de l'organisation du travail et de leur qualification technique pour assurer leur légitimité dans ces emplois. 相似文献
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Ladouceur R Vézina L Jacques C Ferland F 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2000,16(1):103-107
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether a brochure on pathological gambling provides new information and knowledge to the general population. A total of 115 randomly chosen people from shopping malls and municipal parks were randomly distributed to control and experimental groups. Results indicated that the brochure provided new information concerning problem gambling, at risk behaviors, and the availability of specialised help. 相似文献
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Lucie Cerna 《Policy Studies》2013,34(2):180-200
High-skilled immigration (HSI) policies, and their harmonisation across member states, have been an important part of the EU's Lisbon strategy focusing on the knowledge-based economy, and the subsequent ‘Europe 2020’ which emphasises economic recovery. Intra-EU mobility of high-skilled workers is quite low, and member states have targeted high-skilled third-country nationals (TCNs), both through national policies and the EU's recent Blue Card scheme. However, the Blue Card Directive (adopted in 2009, transposed by June 2011), despite its scope for Unionised regulation, allows member states to decide how many high-skilled TCNs they want to admit, if any. The article argues that tensions between openness and closure to migration exist at both member state and EU level. These tensions are resolved through considerable diversity in the conditions and rights accorded to Blue Card holders across member states. Drawing on new empirical data, the article analyses first results of the transposition of the Blue Card Directive. It examines how far, in what form, and with what implications, diversity continues regarding the principle of mobility for these migrants across member states. The pattern and nature of transposition are hence important in shaping an EU-regulated liberal market in labour recruitment, and the development, or otherwise, of rights-based mobility regulation. 相似文献
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Lucie Laflamme PhD 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(4):156-162
Abstract The authors conducted a baseline investigation of male and female university students' health behaviors and self-rated health and quality of life (QOL). The study population consisted of all full-time, first-year students registered in a comprehensive study program offered at a Swedish university in autumn 1998. In spring 1999, the researchers sent self-administered questionnaires dealing with health status, lifestyle, and living conditions to the students at their home addresses. Male respondents used tobacco, were frequent drinkers, and engaged in binge drinking in larger proportions than expected by chance. A majority of the respondents rated their physical and psychological health as very good or good, but male students' ratings were higher than those of female students, whereas the males' average scores on self-perceived QOL were lower than those of females. Both male and female students' self-perceived QOL was more strongly associated with self-rated psychological than with physical health. 相似文献
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