海河桥梁造型艺术探析

世界上有很多著名的城市都与河流联系在一起．如巴黎与塞纳河、伦敦与泰晤士河、维也纳与多瑙河、科隆与莱茵河等。天津地处九河下梢．是中国近代的一个缩影．并得天独厚地拥有海河这一宝贵资源。从600多年前建卫筑城到“连樯集万艘”的繁忙漕运．再到北方经济中心．甚至天津的未来走向都与海河息息相关。海河承载着天津历史、文化、经济的发展，海河上的一座座桥梁记录了天津城市的发展轨迹。     

东巴教圣地纳西族的家庭结构与社会生活(续)——中甸县白地水甲村的田野调查报告

云南省迪庆藏族自治州中甸县的白地村一带是纳西族东巴教的发源地,也是纳西族的传统文化、古朴习俗与各类仪规保留得最为完整的地区.本文以处于这块"东巴圣地"的核心区域的水甲村的民族学田野调查资料为基础,较为详尽地对当地纳西族的家庭结构与社会生活等方面的情况进行了系统描述和分析.     

Five recommendations for controlling population growth in China]

The rapid population growth rate (2% annually from 1949 to 1978) caused great difficulties for China's national economy because it increased the burden of families, communities, and government. It caused employment problems and slowed increases in living standards and educational levels. The best way to control population growth is based on a combination of political education and effective economic measures. The recommendations are: 1) coordinate employment, food rationing, salaries, bonuses, health treatment, age and condition of retirement, preschool care and education with family planning programs, maintain the elderly's living standard, and give preference to childless and single child families; 2) educate people about family planning and incorporate population growth and family planning into political and economics courses in high school and college; 3) incorporate population control into national economic plans; 4) prohibit families with 3 children and advocate 1 child per couple; and 5) establish a permanent population committee to plan, develop, and implement population policies and related research.     

We must pay attention to the difference between the original intention and the current status of family planning]

Due to imperfections in the current family planning (FP) policy, and the differences un program implementation in urban and rural areas, the fertility of the urban population with higher IQ scores is under control but this is not the case for the rural population. Among rural couples, one child is rare and two or three are commonplace, while in cities over 70% of couples are having one child. In the metropolitan cities, this figure is about 90%. In the rural areas, provision of education is a serious problem because of insufficient resources, a lack of qualified teachers and inadequate facilities. At the present, at least 3 million school age children in rural areas can not go to primary school. Besides there is a big contrast in FP practice between Han nationality and minorities. Population growth is basically under control among the more advanced Han nationally but not among the less advances minority nationalities. This growth rate among the minority population was about 50.27/1000 in the past five years, which is alarming. Furthermore, the couples given opportunity to have a second child are often those whose first child had birth defects or is mentally retarded, whereas couples with a normal child can have only one child. This has become a vicious circle, since subsequent children are more likely to have the same birth defects. It was discovered from a 1983-85 survey that the prevalence of birth defects was 12.8/1000. The current situation is that the fertility of urban, educated, and healthy people is restricted while the less educated, those living in less developed areas, and those with health defects are having more children. The outcome of this situation is the decline of national population quality, which greatly deviates from the original intention of the FP.     

Modelling and forecasting by wavelets, and the application to exchange rates

This paper investigates the modelling and forecasting method for non-stationary time series. Using wavelets, the authors propose a modelling procedure that decomposes the series as the sum of three separate components, namely trend, harmonic and irregular components. The estimates suggested in this paper are all consistent. This method has been used for the modelling of US dollar against DM exchange rate data, and ten steps ahead (2 weeks) forecasting are compared with several other methods. Under the Average Percentage of forecasting Error (APE) criterion, the wavelet approach is the best one. The results suggest that forecasting based on wavelets is a viable alternative to existing methods.     

Sample size calculation based on risk ratio under multiple matching

To increase the efficiency of comparisons between treatments in clinical trials, we may consider the use of a multiple matching design, in which, for each patient receiving the experimental treatment, we match with more than one patient receiving the standard treatment. To assess the efficacy of the experimental treatment, the risk ratio (RR) of patient responses between two treatments is certainly one of the most commonly used measures. Because the probability of patient responses in clinical trial is often not small, the odds ratio (OR), of which the practical interpretation is not easily understood, cannot approximate RR well. Thus, all sample size formulae in terms of OR for case-control studies with multiple matched controls per case can be of limited use here. In this paper, we develop three sample size formulae based on RR for randomized trials with multiple matching. We propose a test statistic for testing the equality of RR under multiple matching. On the basis of Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluate the performance of the proposed test statistic with respect to Type I error. To evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of the three sample size formulae developed in this paper, we further calculate their simulated powers and compare them with those of the sample size formula ignoring matching and the sample size formula based on OR for multiple matching published elsewhere. Finally, we include an example that employs the multiple matching study design about the use of the supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of terminal cancer patients to illustrate the use of these formulae.     

多媒体教学误区分析

近几年,我国高等学校多媒体教学的应用如雨后春笋,呈现一派蒸蒸日上的新气象。虽然多媒体技术与课程整合的观念能够被广大教师所接受,但是在大部分学校的实践过程中还普遍存在着这样那样的误区。作者通过对这些现象的分析,指出了目前多媒体教学中应注意的问题和发展方向。     

发挥《法律基础》课程思想品德教育功能的思考

高校的《法律基础》课程是一门对大学生进行思想品德教育的课程。这门课程的主要任务并不是单纯地向大学生传授法律基础知识,而是要充分发挥这门课程的思想品德教育功能,综合运用法学理论和相关的法律知识,对大学生进行社会主义法制教育,增强大学生的法律意识,提高法律素质。发挥《法律基础》课程思想品德教育功能的最终目标,是帮助大学生增强法律意识,将国家关于树立社会主义法制观念方面的基本要求,内化为大学生的法律意识和自觉遵纪守法的精神力量,并将这种法律意识和精神力量外化为法律行为,从而实现法律意识和法律行为实践的统一,提高大学生的法律素质。教师在《法律基础》课程教学的过程中,应重视教学方法的研究和探索,以便提高这门课程发挥思想品德教育功能的实效性。     

禽康灵对鸡防病助长的效应观察

禽康灵为纯中药复方制剂,对鸡具有防病助长的作用。试验表明,应用禽康灵的鸡发病率、死亡率均低于空白对照组,分别低25.22％、11.17％;试验中,试验组各批各小组平均体重较空白对照组多增重24.5g、91.0g、108.0g、10.5g、24.3g和61.2g。     

Rhetoric to Action: A Study of Stakeholder Perceptions of Aging Well in Two Local Communities

This qualitative study of local perceptions of policy goals and action in relation to aging reports 31 stakeholder interviews within 2 Australian communities exploring (a) the meaning of aging well; and (b) preferred policy actions to achieve positive aging outcomes. Findings suggest that community perceptions of aging well are broadly consistent with the goals of national and international policy frameworks in focusing on 3 dimensions—health, social engagement, and security. Further, participants believe that achievement of positive aging outcomes requires a mix of self-help, community action, and government intervention—particularly government support and encouragement for aging well initiatives.