非裔巴西人宗教中的入巫、出神与着魔——一位来自马拉尼昂的mineiro的故事

Tambor de Mina 是盛行于马拉尼昂（巴西北部的一个州）的一个融非洲宗教、天主教以及当地元素于一体的传统宗教。文中所述内容,在有关非裔巴西宗教的著作中很少被提及。文章基于作者在吉马良斯（马拉尼昂州的一个村子）进行的长期访谈,记载了当地一位米内罗（ mineiro ）所说的话。作者遵循“民族志应当反映当地人的观点”的基本原则,通过编辑、选择和再组织受访者讲话的方式,展示了人类学家在话语选择和权威建立方面所应扮演的角色,从而对民族志及民族志写作中的主观性和虚构性进行反思。     

Resource Allocation in Integrated Preoperational and Operational Management of Natural Hazards

The management of natural hazards occurring over a territory entails two main phases: a preoperational —or pre-event—phase, whose objective is to relocate resources closer to sites characterized by the highest hazard, and an operational —during the event—phase, whose objective is to manage in real time the available resources by allocating them to sites where their intervention is needed. Obviously, the two phases are closely related, and demand a unified and integrated treatment. This work presents a unifying framework that integrates various decisional problems arising in the management of different kinds of natural hazards. The proposed approach, which is based on a mathematical programming formulation, can support the decisionmakers in the optimal resource allocation before (preoperational phase) and during (operational phase) an emergency due to natural hazard events. Different alternatives of modeling the resources and the territory are proposed and discussed according to their appropriateness in the preoperational and operational phases. The proposed approach can be applied to the management of any natural hazard and, from an integration perspective, may be particularly useful for risk management in civil protection operations. An application related to the management of wildfire hazard is presented.     

Profit Sharing in Portugal: Why Higher Productivity?

The paper studies some characteristics of Portuguese profit‐sharing (PS) firms based on a sample of 192 manufacturing firms. Some issues are examined that could help explain observed productivity differences such as the performance contingency of PS payments and the complementary or substitution nature of these payments regarding wages. The higher productivity found for PS firms seems to be more related to higher total remuneration in these firms than to the specific PS pay formula. The issues of why, how and by whom PS payments are determined could clarify the exact nature of our findings.