正式制度与企业融资:前沿理论述评

企业融资能力是影响一国金融市场发展乃至经济增长的重要因素之一,制度环境对企业融资能力的动态影响更是目前众多交叉学科关注的焦点.企业融资曾一度是西方国家公司金融理论的研究范畴,制度作为既定的外生变量,在企业融资行为中始终扮演静态角色.而法律、政治力量等制度因素对融资行为的动态影响,吸引了众多经济学家、金融学家以及法律学者,这一前沿领域的文献大量涌现,主要涉及制度指标构建、实证模型、比较分析等.我国经济虽已取得飞速发展,但法律、金融等制度建设较发达国家仍显薄弱.对这一领域最新研究成果的梳理与分析,将对我国法律、政治与金融体制改革起到一定的积极作用.     

Four publics of anti-bioterrorism information campaigns: A test of the situational theory

Applying the situational theory, this study examines the extent to which citizens recognize bioterrorism as a social issue, their level of involvement with it, and how their perceptions of it affect communication and protective behaviors. A national sample survey (N = 363) showed that problem recognition was positively related to information seeking and processing while constraints recognition was negatively related to information seeking and processing. Involvement was positively related to information seeking. Respondents were segmented into four public types based on media consumption habits, source trust evaluations and intentions to perform recommended behaviors.     

中东经济民族主义的缘起与表现

中东经济民族主义带有外生型和防御型的特点,它首先是在西方强权和文明的入侵下产生的。国际经济旧秩序中遗留下来的不平等因素和国际经济收益的不平衡,也是促使经济民族主义在中东扩散的原因。中东经济民族主义在维护自身权益、发展经济以及争夺地区霸主地位的同时,也体现了某种狭隘性和自我封闭性。中东经济发展既要依靠外部力量,也需要地区间的相互依存。     

20世纪初中国女性人权斗争论析

20世纪初期,在马克思主义思想影响下,中国正经历着一场前所未有的社会变革.随着民族解放运动的兴起,深受四权压迫的中国女性也展开了一场轰轰烈烈的女性解放运动,为自己的基本权利和社会地位进行了全面而彻底的斗争,在婚恋自主、平等教育、参政议政、平等就业、劳动权益等方面取得了巨大的成绩.她们的革命热情和斗争精神对后世的女权主义者为女性人权的努力奋斗产生了重要影响.     

A Quantitative Examination of Identity Integration in Gay,Lesbian, and Bisexual People of Faith

Much of the religious/spiritual development of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals (GLBs) has focused on experiences of conflict and distress, providing little insight into how these identities can be integrated. The present study explored the religious and spiritual lives of GLBs with a specific focus on the integration of these identities. We conducted a retrospective secondary data analysis of 750 GLB individuals from the Northern California Health Study to quantitatively assess sexual orientation and religion/spirituality integration using hierarchical cluster analysis. Resulting MANCOVA analyses of the five revealed groupings (integrated, gay identity struggle, anti-religious/spiritual, secular, and low gay salience) present numerous statistically significant differences between these integration clusters and a variety of dependent variables including measures of demographics, religiosity/spirituality, gay identity, and multiple mental health outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings while also making suggestions for future research.     

磁流变液剪切屈服应力计算模型

为了提升磁流变液剪切屈服应力计算的准确性，课题组以麦克斯韦应力张量理论为基础，从微观角度考虑非线性磁化过程从而建立磁流变液链状模型。以MRF 122EG和MRF 132LD磁流变液2种液体样本为研究对象，通过ANSOFT软件进行磁场仿真并得出2种样品的屈服应力。结果显示：MRF 122EG、MRF 132DG样品的屈服应力与Lord公司提供的对应技术参数的最大相对误差分别约为6%和9%，属于实验允许的范围，说明该理论模型具有合理性。该研究也为磁流变液剪切屈服应力计算提供一种实用的方法。     

A Contextual Approach to the Development of Self-regulatory Competencies: The Role of Maternal Unresponsivity and Toddlers' Negative Affect in Stressful Situations

A prospective study examined the effects of maternal unresponsivity and of toddlers’ own negative affect on the child's subsequent ability to use effective attentional control strategies in preschool. Maternal and child behaviors were measured in situations that varied in the level of stress to test the hypothesis that behaviors in high stress situations would be more diagnostic of children's subsequent self‐regulatory behavior. As predicted, both maternal unresponsivity and toddlers’ negative affect, particularly in a high stress as opposed to a low stress situation, predicted children's later use of ineffective attentional control strategies. Similarly, maternal disengagement that occurred contingent to toddlers’ distress predicted ineffective attentional control strategies whereas maternal disengagement in response to toddlers’ non‐distress behaviors did not. The findings supported the utility of a contextual approach to understanding the impact of maternal and child characteristics on the development of self‐regulatory skills.     

Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Do Effects Vary Across Violent,Property, and Drug Offenses?*

Objective. Many studies find that females benefit from their gender in sentencing decisions. Few researchers, however, address whether the gender‐sentencing association might be stronger for some crimes, such as minor nonviolent offending, and weaker for other offenses, such as serious violent crime. Method. Using a large random sample of convicted offenders in Texas drawn from a statewide project on sentencing practices mandated by the 73rd Texas Legislature, logistic regression and OLS regression analyses of likelihood of imprisonment and prison length illustrate the importance of looking at sentencing outcomes not only in terms of gender but also in terms of crime type. Results. Specifically, we find that the effect of gender on sentencing does vary by crime type, but not in a consistent or predicted fashion. For both property and drug offending, females are less likely to be sentenced to prison and also receive shorter sentences if they are sentenced to prison. For violent offending, however, females are no less likely than males to receive prison time, but for those who do, females receive substantially shorter sentences than males. Conclusions. We conclude that such variation in the gender‐sentencing association across crime type is largely due to features of Texas' legal code that channel the level of discretion available to judges depending on crime type and whether incarceration likelihood or sentence length is examined.     

Learning and interaction in groups with computers: when do ability and gender matter?

In the research reported in this article, we attempt to identify the background and process factors influencing the effectiveness of groupwork with computers in terms of mathematics learning. The research used a multi-site case study design in six schools and involved eight groups of six mixed-sex, mixed-ability pupils (aged 9–12) undertaking three research tasks – two using Logo and one a database. Our findings suggest that, contrary to other recent research, the pupil characteristics of gender and ability have no direct influence on progress in group tasks with computers. However, status effects – pupils' perceptions of gender and ability – do have an effect on the functioning of the group, which in turn can impede progress for all pupils concerned.