Merging Incomplete Tertiary Datasets: The Case of 2-1-1 Information and Referral Missing Data

This study proposes a method to handle missing data when merging large tertiary datasets. Combining 25 datasets of 2-1-1 Texas Information & Referral Network’s call records to analyze unmet needs during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita highlighted a considerable bias problem due to missing data of a key variable in some of the 25 datasets. First, extensive literature about existing techniques for handling missing data was reviewed but determined not applicable for this type of missing data problem. Next, a systematic algorithm was developed to calculate missing data types and strategies in tertiary datasets. Last, this method was applied to the 2-1-1 datasets to test its effectiveness on bias due to previous missing data. Using this approach, the volume of cases available for analysis was increased approximately 30 percent, hence greatly improving validity of the findings. In terms of social service research, minimizing bias of missing data in existing tertiary data resources would help policymakers make more appropriate decisions and provide more effective and timely social support and disaster services to residents. This new method could be applied to using tertiary data with a similar dilemma and contribute to increasing potential use of available public datasets.     

Courts,care proceedings and outcomes uncertainty: The challenges of achieving and assessing “good outcomes” for children after child protection proceedings

The professed aim of any social welfare or legal intervention in family life is often to bring about “better outcomes for the children.” But there is considerable ambiguity about “outcomes,” and the term is far too often used in far too simplistic a way. This paper draws on empirical research into the outcomes of care proceedings for a randomly selected sample of 616 children in England and Wales, about half starting proceedings in 2009–2010 and the others in 2014–2015. The paper considers the challenges of achieving and assessing “good outcomes” for the children. Outcomes are complex and fluid for all children, whatever the court order. One has to assess the progress of the children in the light of their individual needs and in the context of “normal” child development, and in terms of the legal provisions and policy expectations. A core paradox is that some of the most uncertain outcomes are for children who remain with or return to their parents; yet law and policy require that first consideration is given to this option. Greater transparency about the uncertainty of outcomes is a necessary step towards better understanding the risks and potential benefits of care proceedings.     

The Effect of Adult Children’s Working Hours on Visits to Elderly Parents: A Natural Experiment in Korea

Population Research and Policy Review - Despite its significant policy implications, little is known about the impact working hours have on how often workers visit their elderly parents. Evidence...     

Placentophagy’s effects on mood,bonding, and fatigue: A pilot trial,part 2

Background

Human maternal placentophagy is gaining popularity among a growing number of women who believe it provides maternal benefits, including prevention of postpartum blues/depression, improved maternal bonding, and reduced fatigue.

Effects of 360° video on attitudes toward disaster communication: Mediating and moderating roles of spatial presence and prior disaster media involvement

Visual media technologies such as 360° video, augmented reality, and virtual reality are on the rise for immersive storytelling in a variety of public relations contexts. Yet there is a profound lack of scholarly research in public relations, crisis communication, and disaster communication to explore the effects of content displayed using these delivery formats on publics’ responses. To begin addressing the knowledge gap, this work reports results from a laboratory experiment investigating effects of media modality (traditional unidirectional video content vs. 360° omnidirectional video content) on attitudes toward the disaster communication content. Results demonstrate that 360° video featuring the aftermath of a natural disaster yields enhanced attitudes toward the helpful impact of the content. Importantly, mediation analyses show that (1) a sense of spatial presence underlies these effects, and (2) the mediating effects of spatial presence are attenuated by involvement with similar disaster media coverage (indirect experience).     

Participation in formal and informal volunteering: Implications for volunteer recruitment

This study examines factors influencing “formal” volunteering (that is, to an organization) and “informal” volunteering (that is, volunteering carried out individually outside of an organizational context) and the relationship between these two activities. We hypothesize that formal and informal volunteering activities are positively interrelated but that they are shaped by different types of personal resources: involvement in social networks increases the likelihood of both types of volunteering, but human capital increases the likelihood of formal volunteering rather than informal. The bivariate probit regression results emanating from the Independent Sector's “Giving and Volunteering in the United States, 2001” survey are generally supportive of the hypotheses. The findings suggest that nonprofit and public organizations that involve volunteers consider the pool of informal volunteers as a fertile ground for recruitment and find ways to better utilize older Americans in formal volunteering. The results also suggest that volunteer recruitment through organizational membership may be an effective strategy.     

Promoting Career and College Readiness,Aspirations, and Self‐Efficacy: Curriculum Field Test

To address the need for enhanced career and college readiness, a classroom guidance curriculum was studied using a pretest–posttest nonequivalent groups quasi‐experimental design. Data from 163 ninth‐grade students enrolled in a low‐performing high school were analyzed via hierarchical linear modeling. The analyses indicated a treatment effect on postsecondary education‐going knowledge and career and college readiness self‐efficacy, accounting for 100% of the variance explained by classroom‐level factors and indicating potential for the classroom guidance curriculum. The findings encourage career and professional school counselors to proactively employ similar classroom guidance programs aimed at encouraging high school students to consider postsecondary education opportunities. Future research could focus on component analyses of the curriculum, broadening the target populations, using mixed‐method designs, and additional validity studies of the dependent measures.     

Racemaking in New Orleans: racial boundary construction among ideologically diverse college students

We explore how an ideologically diverse group of white students at Tulane University respond to evidence of racial inequality in post-Katrina New Orleans. In line with prior research, we find commonalities in racialized attitudes and behaviours between students whose racial ideologies otherwise differ. Drawing from anthropological theories of boundary construction and sociological work on colour-blind racism, we argue that the Otherization of non-whites is part of the everyday worldviews and social practices of white Americans. We draw on fieldwork in New Orleans to demonstrate that racist stereotypes and beliefs in racial difference continue to be transmitted within white social spaces. We find that even the most progressive Tulane students are engaged in the construction and reinforcement of symbolic and spatial boundaries between themselves and African Americans. This achieves the purpose for which racial stereotypes were originally constructed – namely, the persistence of racial inequality.     

A modified Friedman test for randomized complete block designs

The Friedman test is often used for a randomized complete block design when the normality assumption is not satisfied or the data are ordinal. The Friedman test can be viewed as an extension of the sign test for multiple measurements within each subject or block. We propose a modified Friedman test based on the Wilcoxon sign rank approach. Coincidentally, Tukey proposed a test statistic similar to our proposed test, but blocks are ranked by the minimum difference within each block. In the proposed test, we use the variance of block to rank the blocks, with the least variance being ranked the smallest. In both Tukey test and the modified Friedman test, linear ranks are used for blocks and treatments. The Tukey test belongs to the family of weighted-ranking test from Quade (1979 Quade, D. (1979). Using weighted rankings in the analysis of complete blocks with additive block effects. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(367):680–683. [Google Scholar]).The modified Friedman test, the Friedman test and the Tukey test are compared under various conditions and the results indicate that the proposed test is generally more powerful than the Friedman test and the Tukey test when the number of groups is small.     

Adaptive LASSO for linear regression models with ARMA-GARCH errors

The linear regression models with the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) errors (REGARMA models) are often considered, in order to reflect a serial correlation among observations. In this article, we focus on an adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) (ALASSO) method for the variable selection of the REGARMA models and extend it to the linear regression models with the ARMA-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARMA-GARCH) errors (REGARMA-GARCH models). This attempt is an extension of the existing ALASSO method for the linear regression models with the AR errors (REGAR models) proposed by Wang et al. in 2007 Wang, H., Li, G., Tsai, C. (2007). Regression coefficient and autoregressive order shrinkage and selection via the lasso. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 69:63–78. [Google Scholar]. New ALASSO algorithms are proposed to determine important predictors for the REGARMA and REGARMA-GARCH models. Finally, we provide the simulation results and real data analysis to illustrate our findings.