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11.
A nonasymptotic Bayesian approach is developed for analysis of data from threshold autoregressive processes with two regimes. Using the conditional likelihood function, the marginal posterior distribution for each of the parameters is derived along with posterior means and variances. A test for linear functions of the autoregressive coefficients is presented. The approach presented uses a posterior p-value averaged over the values of the threshold. The one-step ahead predictive distribution is derived along with the predictive mean and variance. In addition, equivalent results are derived conditional upon a value of the threshold. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the approach. 相似文献
12.
Using a direct resampling process, a Bayesian approach is developed for the analysis of the shiftpoint problem. In many problems it is straight forward to isolate the marginal posterior distribution of the shift-point parameter and the conditional distribution of some of the parameters given the shift point and the other remaining parameters. When this is possible, a direct sampling approach is easily implemented whereby standard random number generators can be used to generate samples from the joint posterior distribution of aii the parameters in the model. This technique is illustrated with examples involving one shift for Poisson processes and regression models. 相似文献
13.
Lyle K Grant 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2005,21(1):181-190
A functional analysis of selected aspects of imaginative literature is presented. Reading imaginative literature is described as a process in which the reader makes indirect contact with the contingencies operating on the behavior of story characters. A functional story grammar is proposed in which the reader''s experience with a story is interpreted in terms of escape contingencies in which the author initially introduces an establishing operation consisting of a source of tension, which is resolved in some way by the outcome of the story. Although escape contingencies represent the functional basis for the structure of stories, they are to be understood in a context of many other reinforcers for reading fiction. Other contingencies that maintain reading are discussed. Functional analyses of imaginative literature have much to offer, both in improving literary education and in understanding the behavioral processes that occur on the part of the reader. 相似文献
14.
Popular commentaries suggest that the movement against genetic engineering in agriculture (anti-GE movement) was born in Europe,
rooted in European cultural approaches to food, and sparked by recent food-safety scares such as “mad cow” disease. Yet few
realize that the anti-GE movement's origins date back thirty years, that opposition to agricultural biotechnology emerged
with the technology itself, and that the movement originated in the United States rather than Europe. We argue here that neither
the explosion of the GE food issue in the late 1990s nor the concomitant expansion of the movement can be understood without
recognizing the importance of the intellectual work carried out by a “critical community” of activists during the two-decade-long
period prior to the 1990s. We show how these early critics forged an oppositional ideology and concrete set of grievances
upon which a movement could later be built. Our analysis advances social movement theory by establishing the importance of
the intellectual work that activists engage in during the “proto-mobilizational” phase of collective action, and by identifying
the cognitive and social processes by which activists develop a critical, analytical framework. Our elaboration of four specific
dimensions of idea/ideology formation pushes the literature toward a more complete understanding of the role of ideas and
idea-makers in social movements, and suggests a process of grievance construction that is more “organic” than strategic (pace the framing literature).
Rachel Schurman is Associate Professor of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of Minnesota. Her research interests lie in the
areas of international political economy of food and agriculture, environmental sociology, and social movements. She is co-editor
of Engineering Trouble: Biotechnology and Its Discontents (University of California Press, 2003) and several articles and book chapters on the anti-genetic engineering movement. Her
current book project, with William Munro, explores how organized social resistance to GMOs has shaped the trajectory of agricultural
biotechnology.
William Munro is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director, International Studies Program, at Illinois Wesleyan University.
His research and writing focuses on the politics of agrarian change and state formation in Africa, as well as post-conflict
development. He is the author of The Moral Economy of the State: Conservation, Community Development and State-Making in Zimbabwe (Ohio University Press,1998). He is currently collaborating with Rachel Schurman on a book about social resistance to agricultural
biotechnology. 相似文献
15.
This paper will develop Bayesian inferential and forecasting techniques which can be used with any moving average process. By employing the conditional likelihood function, at-approximation to the predictive distribution and the marginal posterior distribution of the moving average parameters is developed. Several examples demonstrate posterior and predictive inferences. 相似文献
16.
17.
Lyle Munro 《Social movement studies》2013,12(1):75-94
Following Tilly, this paper argues that a social movement is what it does as much as why it does it. This approach is particularly important in the case of the animal rights movement, which is often demonized as extremist and violent. Critics of the movement claim that animal activists use letter bombs, arson attacks and threats to intimidate those they see as animal abusers and that violent direct action of this kind is typical of the movement as a whole. The present paper argues that the mainstream animal movement – in the USA, the UK and Australia – is overwhelmingly non-violent and that its core strategies and tactics have two broad aims, namely to gain publicity for the movement and to challenge conventional thinking about how we treat non-human animals. This is achieved primarily by the deployment of the key tactical mechanisms of persuasion, protest, non-cooperation and intervention. These tactics may be deployed collectively or as DIY (Do-It-Yourself) activism which many grassroots animal activists – ‘caring sleuths’ to use Shapiro's apt term – seem to prefer. The paper focuses on demonstrations and pamphleteering as examples of publicity strategies or liberal governance strategies as well as critical governance strategies or interference strategies such as the hunger strike, ethical vegetarianism and undercover surveillance. 相似文献
18.
Sherry M. Cummings R. Lyle Cooper Catherine Johnson 《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(5):407-422
Low-income older adults living in public housing are at heightened risk for substance misuse. This study identified the prevalence of alcohol misuse among older public housing residents (n?=?187) and explored predictors of problem drinking. Including weekly drinking levels and binge drinking, 23% of the sample engaged in problem drinking behaviors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that race, gender, employment status, years smoking, and illegal drug use were significant predictors of problem drinking. No residents were receiving substance abuse treatment. As the number of older adults increase, training social workers to assess and treat alcohol misuse in older adults is critical. 相似文献
19.
20.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) acknowledges that young people without parental care are entitled to special support and assistance from the State. In detailing their expectations, the UN Committee have issued Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children which recognise that State parties have a number of responsibilities towards care leavers. The paper explores how the UNCRC reporting process, and guidelines from the Committee outlining how States should promote the rights of young people making the transition from care to adulthood, can be used as an instrument to track global patterns of change in policy and practice. Content analysis of State Party Reports and Concluding Observations from 15 countries reveals that to date there has been limited engagement with understanding and promoting the needs of this group in the reporting process; although where a government is committed to developing legislation and practice then this does find its way into their national reports. Data supplied by affiliates of the International Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood from Care (INTRAC) reveals that national concerns, political ideology, public awareness, attitudes and knowledge of the vulnerability of care leavers influence service responses to protect and promote the rights of this group and the attention afforded to such issues in reports to the Committee. Findings also suggest that global governance is not simply a matter of top down influence. Future work on both promoting and monitoring of the impact of the UNCRC needs to recognise that what is in play is the management of a complex global/national dynamic with all its uneven development, levels of influence and with a range of institutional actors involved. 相似文献