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951.
Holbrook Allyson L.; Krosnick Jon A.; Moore David; Tourangeau Roger 《Public opinion quarterly》2007,71(3):325-348
Using data from 548 experiments in telephone surveys conductedby the Gallup Organization, we explored how attributes of questionsand respondents moderate response order effects in dichotomouscategorical questions. These effects were predominantly recencyeffects and occurred most in questions that were more difficultto comprehend (especially among respondents with the least education),with response choices that were more difficult to comprehend(because they were complete sentences instead of words or phrasesand because they were not mutually exclusive), and that wereasked after many prior questions. Recency effects were alsomore common in questions that explicitly or implicitly encouragedrespondents to wait until they had heard all the answer choicesbefore formulating a judgment than in questions that inducedrespondents to begin formulating a judgment before all the answerchoices had been read (especially among the least educated respondents).A study of interviewer behavior revealed patterns of pausingbetween and within sentences that help to explain why some typesof questions are especially prone to recency effects and othersare not. 相似文献
952.
A measurement model was analyzed to demonstrate a differential distribution and cumulative exposure to psychosocial risk and protective influences of adolescent drug use among ethnically-diverse adolescent samples. The sample included U.S.-born (US) Latino (N = 837), foreign-born (FB) Latino (N = 447), White (N = 632), and African American (N = 618) adolescent boys. Psychological Distress, Peer Drug Use, and Adolescent Drug Use were significantly positively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. In contrast, Family, School, law abidance, and guilt were significantly negatively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. Multiple group analyses indicated significant similarities and differences among US and FB Latinos, and Whites. Implications for early prevention, multi-level interventions, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
953.
Miles L. Patterson Yuichi Iizuka Mark E. Tubbs Jennifer Ansel Masao Tsutsumi Jackie Anson 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2007,31(3):155-166
This study examined the microinteractions of pedestrians in Japan and in the United States as they walked past a confederate.
Specifically, the effects of culture, condition (avoid, look-only, and look plus smile) and sex of confederate on glances,
smiles, nods, and greetings by passing pedestrians were examined in a field study on over 1000 participants. The hypotheses
of (1) lower responsiveness in Japanese pedestrians than in American pedestrians and (2) increased responsiveness as a function
of condition were supported in a series of log-linear analyses of pedestrian glances, smiles, nods, and greetings. Both of
these main effects were, however, qualified by Culture X Condition interactions on smiles, nods, and greetings, with the large
condition effects present in the American pedestrians, but absent in the Japanese pedestrians. The results are discussed in
terms of the functions of glances, smiles, nods, and greetings in these brief encounters and how differing cultural norms
affect Japanese and American responsiveness. Finally, the limitations of this study and the broader utility of this research
paradigm are discussed.
相似文献
Miles L. PattersonEmail: |
954.
Weinstock J Whelan JP Meyers AW Watson JM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(1):13-24
This study investigated the prevalence of gambling, gambling related NCAA violations, and disordered gambling in student-athletes
(n = 736) with a comparison cohort of students (n = 1,071) at four universities. Student-athletes reported similar rates of gambling frequency, use of a bookmaker, and disordered
gambling as students. After accounting for demographic differences, student-athletes were less likely to engage in sports
wagering than students. Several risk factors for disordered gambling were identified, including being male and reporting at
least one parent with a history of gambling problems. These findings suggest that problems associated with gambling are a
university-wide issue with student-athletes meriting additional attention because of implications for the integrity of intercollegiate
sports. Improved prevention and intervention efforts for collegiate gambling are recommended. 相似文献
955.
Cronce JM Corbin WR Steinberg MA Potenza MN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):363-375
The relative influence of perceived familial addictive behaviors and personal gambling behaviors on adolescents' self-perceptions of gambling problems was examined. Students from five high schools in Connecticut (N = 3,886) were surveyed. Of those between the ages of 14 and 17 who scored two or more on the South Oaks Gambling Screen--Revised for Adolescents (n = 532; 72% male; 43% Caucasian), 14.3% reported having a current or past problem with gambling. Wagering larger amounts in a single day, gambling on a daily basis, and perceived presence of a family member with a gambling problem were associated with increased odds of self-perception of a gambling problem. Thus, adolescents who may be less likely to be identified for prevention efforts (due to lack of engagement in high stakes gambling or the real/perceived absence of a problematic gambler in the home) appear less likely to perceive a gambling problem. To advance prevention and treatment strategies, the apparent discrepancy between adolescents' self-perceptions and objective reports of problem gambling behaviors warrants further investigation. 相似文献
956.
da Silva Lobo DS Vallada HP Knight J Martins SS Tavares H Gentil V Kennedy JL 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):421-433
Pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder that has been considered as a behavioral addiction. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the dopaminergic system in addictions and impulse control disorders and associations of dopamine receptor genes (DRD1, DRD2, and DRD4) and PG have been reported. In the present study, 140 sib-pairs discordant for the diagnosis of PG (70 males and 70 females on each group) were recruited through the Gambling Outpatient Unit at the Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo and were assessed by trained psychiatrists. A family-based association design was chosen to prevent population stratification. All subjects were genotyped for dopamine receptor genes (DRD1 -800 T/C, DRD2 TaqIA RFLP, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DRD4 48bp exon III VNTR, DRD5 (CA) repeat) and the dopamine transporter gene (SCL6A3 40 bp VNTR). Our results suggest the association of PG with DRD1 -800 T/C allele T (P = .03). 相似文献
957.
958.
At-work exercises are commonly recommended for computer operators. This randomized control trial assessed adherence, pain and satisfaction after 4 weeks of at-work exercise. Subjects (n=72) were randomized into 3 groups: resistance exercise, stretching, and control. Outcomes included a satisfaction survey, a visual analogue pain scale (VAS), a pain drawing, and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The VAS, the drawing, and NDI were analyzed together as a composite variate referred to as Pain Impact. Exercise frequency was similar across the 3 groups (median=1.5 times per day). No differences were found between groups on Pain Impact p=0.714) or individual pain variables. Most satisfaction survey item scores did not differ between groups. However, a significant difference between groups on the survey item related to discomfort. The resistance and stretching group differed from the control group with regard to their perception that the exercises were helpful in reducing discomfort in the back and neck (p<0.001). We conclude that most subjects found the resistance and the stretching exercises easy to do, performed them 1 to 2 times daily, and said they reduced discomfort. To determine optimal type and frequency of at-work exercises, further study is needed. 相似文献
959.
960.
Cameron CL Birnie K Dharma-Wardene MW Raivio E Marriott B 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》2007,45(10):24-30
Making the transition from the hospital to a community setting can be extremely challenging for patients with acute mental health conditions. Transitional services have been created to help patients overcome difficulties associated with this transition. Nurses frequently play an integral role in the success of these services. By providing patients with individualized support during such transitions, nurses act as clinical liaisons and directly contribute to an increase in positive patient and system-level outcomes. This article describes a transitional service called the Bridge Program, designed to help adolescents make a successful transition from the hospital to the community. An overview of the Bridge Program is provided, and the results of an evaluation of this program are presented. Results suggest that the Bridge Program contributes to a decrease in the length of hospital stays and improves continuity of care for patients and their families. 相似文献