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111.
This paper develops a Coase-like solution of the problem of inducing Pareto optimal behavior in the presence of reciprocal externalities. In place of Coasean direct compensation between the parties to an externality problem, actors strategically match each other's externality-producing activity, and thus induce counterparts to internalize the external benefits or costs of their actions. The analysis suggests a general framework for analyzing social interactions in the presence of reciprocal externalities. As an application of the theory, a solution of the duopoly problem is noted.We are indebted to L. Danziger, D. Samet, participants in faculty seminars at Bar-Ilan and New York Universities and at the University of Maryland, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and discussions. All remaining errors are our own. 相似文献
112.
M J Regan-Kubinski N Sharts-Engel 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》1992,30(2):11-15
1. Special attention is particularly important in addressing the mental health needs of HIV-infected women. These needs may involve issues such as concerns about present or future pregnancy; child-rearing, often as single parents; poverty, illicit drug use or addiction; and the potential lack of support services. 2. Diagnosis of HIV infection in women may be overlooked, as the clinical signs that routinely trigger the suspicion of HIV illness in men are often interpreted to reflect depression or psychological factors, such as stress or overwork, rather than raise the suspicion of HIV infection in women. 3. Understanding a woman's illness cognition is an important component of designing strategies that can enhance coping. The picture a woman generates regarding her illness is a composite of her experiences and responses, and determines to a large extent what she will do in response to her illness. 相似文献
113.
This study investigated the gender-specific, self-reported sexual behaviors and attitudes of never-married college students attending a southeastern university in 1973 and 1988. Data were collected by means of a mailed questionnaire that remained essentially unchanged for both years. The authors found that both men and women reported an increase in heterosexual relationships that included sexual intercourse and a decrease in nonsexual relationships with the other gender. The majority of the students perceived themselves as adequately informed about sexuality and satisfied with their relationships, although the proportion of men who reported being satisfied with their relationships declined over the 15 years. The students indicated that sexuality education should focus primarily on information about AIDS and on preparation for marriage. 相似文献
114.
115.
In this part of the series, the notion of average total inspection (ATI) is introduced to ChSP-4A(c1, c2)r plans, minimizing ATI at a given process average, while protection to the consumer is given in terms of average outgoing quality limit and limiting quality level. The procedure is similar to that of Dodge and Roming. 相似文献
116.
117.
Dr. Judee K. Burgoon 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1991,15(4):233-259
According to a social meaning model of nonverbal communication, many nonverbal behaviors have consensually recognized meanings. Two field experiments examined this presumption by investigating the relational message interpretations assigned to differing levels and types of touch, proximity, and posture. Also examined were the possible moderating effects of the communicator characteristics of gender and attractiveness and relationship characteristics of gender composition and status differentials. Results showed that touching typically conveyed more composure, immediacy, receptivity/trust, affection, similarity/depth/equality, dominance, and informality than its absence. The form of touch also mattered, with handholding and face touching expressing the most intimacy, composure, and informality; handholding and the handshake expressing the least dominance, and the handshake conveying the most formality but also receptivity/trust. Postural openness/relaxation paralleled touch in conveying greater intimacy, composure, informality, and similarity but was also less dominant than a closed/tense posture. Close proximity was also more immediate and similar but dominant. Proximity and postural openness together produced differential interpretations of composure, similarity, and affection. Gender initiator attractiveness was more influential than status in moderating interpretations.An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Interpersonal Communication Interest Group, Western States Communication Association convention, Phoenix, Arizona, February 1991. The author wishes to thank Leesa Dillman for her assistance on that version. 相似文献
118.
Sharon Klayman Farber M.S.W. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》1991,19(1):95-98
The author responds to the article by Annaclare van Dalen (1989), disputing her statement that there is little in the literature about the emotional consequences of child abuse. The author reviews the pertinent literature, which is abundant. The author disagrees with van Dalen's statement that the child experiences physical abuse outside the body, and with the statement that the child experiences sexual abuse as pleasurable. In addition the author disagrees with van Dalen's sharp differentiation between physical abuse and sexual abuse, and proposes that sexual abuse be regarded as a variant of physical abuse. 相似文献
119.
This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three
indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups
experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems
in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the
nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables
explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective
and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts.
Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups.
African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction
with their housing.
Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published
articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups
of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University.
Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her
thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient
of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding
Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.” 相似文献
120.
Noraini M. Noor 《Work and stress》1994,8(1):36-46
While employment improves health, having children at home does not. Indeed, the most likely work-family conflict for women is having children at home. In this study the effect of children on well-being was predicted to differ for employed and non-employed women. In addition, only amongst the employed women was locus of control hypothcsized to moderate this relationship. In a sample of women with partners (n = 116), using multiple-regression analysis, the results indicated that the number of children living at home, rather than the presence of young children, was associated with increased happiness in women. Employment was not predictive of women's well-being. However, it moderated the effect of number of children on their levels of happiness. In addition, non-employed women showed a U-shaped relationship between number of children and psychological distress. Finally, contrary to prediction, locus of control did not moderate the relationship between number of children and women's well-being. The findings are discussed in terms of the role expansion hypothesis. 相似文献