The Cognitive-Behavioural Approach with Depressed Clients

Correspondence to Dr Michael Seott, Liverpool Personal Service Society, 34, Stanley Street, Liverpool L1 6AN Summary The recent cognitive revolution in psychology has meant thatan individual's behaviour is now rarely viewed in simple behaviouristterms as solely a product of rewards and punishments, but isseen as influenced by the individual's own, often idiosyncratic,view of their situation. This new paradigm has enabled the developmentof highly structured and usually brief interventions in manyareas of individual emotional problems. This paper describes Individual and Group Cognitive Therapywith depressed clients and cites two recent outcome studies.The contribution of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to thisarea of emotional distress is noted with the caveat that itseffectiveness has been more thoroughly studied in this areathan in others.     

A SIMULTANEOUS-EQUATIONS MODEL OF WHITE AND NONWHITE MIGRATION AND URBAN CHANGE

Utilizing color-specific data relating to the 100 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), this study develops a simultaneous-equations model of migration and urban change for white and nonwhite civilian labor force members. For both the white and nonwhite groups significant own-group interactions are uncovered between migration and urban change. Significant interactions between the groups are also apparent. White civilian labor force members are found to be more responsive to the growth of (destination) Job opportunities than nonwhite civilian labor force members, while nonwhites are more responsive than whites to high (destination) income levels and income growth.     

Class, work, and politics*

Le texte explore la relation entre la classes sociale et l'idéologie politique en utilisant les résultats d'un sondage-échantillon effectué parmi environ 1800 Canadiens au travail. En se basant sur les catégories de classe de Marx et les développements théoriques de Carchedi, l'auteur fait ressortir des différences modérées entre les classes pour ce qui a trait à l'appui du mouvement ouvrier, les dépenses encourues pour le bien-être social et pour une nouvelle répartition des revenus. Une analyse de régression démontre qu'une attitude plus gauchiste dans la classe ourvière reflète certains aspects des conditions de travail. En effet, la situation au travail joue un rôle considérable dans l'attitude politique, endehors des différences associées à la classe sociale. Par contre, la famille et l'instruction ne se révèlent pas comme étant des facteurs importants pour expliquer la relation entre la classe et l'idéologie politique.
The paper explores the relation between social class and political ideology using data from a simple survey of approximately 1800 Canadians with jobs. Using Marxist class categories, following theoretical developments by Carchedi, moderate class differences are found to support the labour movement, social welfare expenditures, and redistribution of income. A regression analysis shows that the more left-wing position of the working class reflects a number of aspects of working conditions. Indeed, aspects of the work situation have a considerable impact on political attitudes beyond those differences associated     

"DON'T KNOW" BOXES IN FACTUAL QUESTIONS IN A MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE: EFFECTS ON LEVEL AND QUALITY OF RESPONSE

This article summarizes the findings of an experiment to evaluatethe effect of "Don't Know" (DK) boxes in a mail questionnaireconsisting of factual questions. In a split-panel test, halfof the respondents received a questionnaire with DK boxes andthe other half received a questionnaire without DK boxes. Theoverall response rates were the same for the two versions. Thequestionnaire version without DK boxes obtained an appreciablyhigher rate of substantive responses for many items. However,there were few large substantive changes in response distributionsbetween the two versions, and there was no appreciable differencein the response error rates.     

FISHES, PONDS, AND PRODUCTIVITY: STUDENT-ADVISOR MATCHING AND EARLY CAREER PUBLISHING SUCCESS FOR ECONOMICS PHDS

We examine a unique data set containing information on a PhD recipient's dissertation advisor, graduate program, and early career publishing success. Regressions controlling for the ranking of both the student's graduate program and dissertation advisor confirm that, all else equal, students working with prominent advisors are significantly more likely to publish in their early careers, especially in top 36 journals, than students working with less prominent advisors. Moreover, predicted publication values suggest that students attending lower ranked programs but working with superstar faculty publish both more total and top 36 articles and more quality-adjusted pages than students attending top-ranked programs but working with less prominent advisors . ( JEL J24, A11, A23)     

The Pearson Diffusions: A Class of Statistically Tractable Diffusion Processes

Abstract.  The Pearson diffusions form a flexible class of diffusions defined by having linear drift and quadratic squared diffusion coefficient. It is demonstrated that for this class explicit statistical inference is feasible. A complete model classification is presented for the ergodic Pearson diffusions. The class of stationary distributions equals the full Pearson system of distributions. Well-known instances are the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes and the square root (CIR) processes. Also diffusions with heavy-tailed and skew marginals are included. Explicit formulae for the conditional moments and the polynomial eigenfunctions are derived. Explicit optimal martingale estimating functions are found. The discussion covers GMM, quasi-likelihood, non-linear weighted least squares estimation and likelihood inference too. The analytical tractability is inherited by transformed Pearson diffusions, integrated Pearson diffusions, sums of Pearson diffusions and Pearson stochastic volatility models. For the non-Markov models, explicit optimal prediction-based estimating functions are found. The estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal.     

Production planning in a MRP/JIT repetitive manufacturing environment

Some literature suggests that the best approach to production planning is a complete implementation of just-in-time. It has also been suggested that JIT replaces material requirements planning, and computerized procedures are an unnecessary complex burden on management especially in a highly repetitive environment. This article examines the JIT programme at the John Deere Engine factory. In 1985 the factory began a JIT programme with the belief that it would replace their MRP system. The results of the JIT programme are examined and management's conclusion that the best approach is a blend of JIT and MRP is explored.     

A reactive approach to material procurement in an SME

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a more reactive approach to material procurement in a small manufacturing enterprise (SME). The approach involves a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to the issue of material procurement. The implementation of the approach in the test site is discussed and we show how the company can benefit from its implementation. The approach requires that there is a good interaction and transfer of information between an SME and both its customers and suppliers. The approach also requires a manufacturing firm to have control of the shopfloor and to have access to relevant and accurate information from the shopfloor. This hybrid approach to material procurement coupled with improved production activity control has helped a local manufacturing company to increase its reactivity. A decision support software tool is available which supports this approach and is described in the paper.