Effects of Defending: The Longitudinal Relations Among Peer‐perceived Defending of Victimized Peers,Victimization, and Liking

Previous research has shown victims of peer aggression to be positively impacted by being defended by peers, but how enacted defending impacts defenders themselves is not thoroughly understood. In this study, the longitudinal associations between peer‐perceived liking, enacted defending, and defender's own victimization were investigated among 336 adolescents (M age = 13.21 years). Peer perceived liking was expected to predict defending. It was also hypothesized that a reputation for defending victimized peers would be related to being perceived as less victimized and more liked over time. Results showed that peer perceived liking was not predictive of defending. Enacted defending was associated with a decrease in victimization over time, but also a decrease in peer‐perceived liking. Defenders may benefit from enacted defending by decreasing their own victimization, but this benefit is nuanced.     

Constructing a city,building a life: Brazilian construction workers’ continuous mobility as a permanent life strategy

This article provides an ethnographic analysis of domestic labor mobility among Brazilian construction workers in the context of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. We start from the premise that mobile laborers are crucial for the physical development and expansion of cities. However, the importance of domestic migrants in this process is insufficiently addressed in mobility studies. Building on existing research on domestic population movements in Brazil, we argue that the current generation of mobile construction workers draws on the intangible and material infrastructure generated by previous generations of migrants to enable novel kinds of (permanent) labor mobilities.     

虚构类影片、非虚构类影片与假定性论断的电影：对概念的分析

纪录片的真实性是学界长期以来一直探讨但并未解决的问题。对虚构类影片、非虚构类影片与假定性论断的影片等概念的界定,可以帮助我们找到关于纪录片真实性的界定范围和方法。我们不能仅凭文本的外部特征诸如风格、媒介形态等来界定呈现和表现,即便我们可以区分呈现和表现,这一对概念也不能用来区分虚构和非虚构影片。只有观众意识到作者的意图从而进行假定性想象才有可能界定虚构的影片,反之也可以界定非虚构影片。因此,纪录片是一种假定性论断的电影,制作人意图和消息来源索引成为假定性论断的重要依据。     

Treatment of Marital Disharmony Where One Spouse Has A Primary Affective Disorder (Manic Depressive Illness): I. General Overview—100 Couples*

This paper gives a general overview of the treatment of marital disharmony where one spouse has a primary affective disorder. This is the first of a series of clinical-statistical studies on the subject. Neither purely clinical conclusions without the insights of statistics nor vice versa are sufficient methodologically. By treatment we mean a variety of interventions ranging from psychotherapies to somatotherapies (pharmaceuticals and/or electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]). By marital disharmony we mean where the nature of the marital relationship is such that it leads to sufficient pain in either or both spouses to warrent treatment.     

Supporting familial and community care for children: legislative reform and implementation challenges in South Africa

This article critically evaluates important legislative reforms in South Africa, which, at the height of the AIDS pandemic, are intended to reduce the need for removing children from their families or communities. In a textual analysis of the 2005 Children's Act and the 2006 Children's Act Amendment Bill, the shift in focus from individual interventions to a developmental approach incorporating prevention and early intervention is explained. New family service and alternative care orders such as partial care, shared care, cluster care and support for child-headed households are described. Although these creative solutions have considerable potential, there are gaps in the legislation that require supplementary wording. Drawing on the work of researchers and commentators, it is also shown that an inappropriate approach towards implementation has commenced, which harms rather than assists children. Recommendations are made for improving implementation that may be of relevance to other countries faced with similar challenges.     

Social structure and personal choice

A review of representative literature in the newly developing area of alternative lifestyle research suggests an antisocial structural bias. The origin of this trend and its implications for a theoretically based social science of alternative lifestyles are explored. The aged, women, and Black families are viewed as examples where social structural conditions affect the diversity of intimacy, marriage, and family alternative lifestyles chosen. Current definitions of alternative lifestyles, individual freedom, and choice are seen as reflecting and supporting the social, political, and economic status quo in American society. It is concluded that a social science of alternative lifestyles is only possible when we more fully understand the individual, institutional, and historical dynamics determining the availability and feasibility of alternatives in intimacy, marriage, and family life.