我国八大综合经济区数字经济发展特征研究

研究区域数字经济发展的演变趋势与差异来源,对实现中国协同高质量发展具有重要参考价值。基于2012—2020年我国30个省区市的面板数据,运用熵值法测算整体与八大综合经济区数字经济发展水平,采用Markov链和Kernel密度估计探索数字经济发展的时空演变特征,应用Dagum基尼系数以及方差分解模型揭示数字经济发展差异的空间来源与结构来源。研究表明,我国整体与各区域数字经济发展水平呈逐年增长之势,但八大综合经济区呈现出“东部沿海-南部沿海-北部沿海-长江中游-大西南-黄河中游-东北-大西北”梯度递减的不均衡格局。时空演变特征显示,省域数字经济发展通常伴随着空间效应与“集聚”效应,且存在一定概率的内部流动性;核密度曲线的演变趋势与极化特征表明,数字经济发展存在区域异质性。空间差异分解显示数字经济发展总体差异呈波动下降趋势,且区域间差异为主要来源;结构差异分解显示,数字产业化、产业数字化及数字基础设施发展差距是数字经济发展差异的主要结构来源。研究有助于完善我国数字经济发展空间格局与打造区域数字经济产业新优势,为此建议政府着重打通区域壁垒,在推进数字产业深度融合的同时进一步加强基础设施建设。     

Social Impact Measurement and Non-profit Organisations: Compliance,Resistance, and Promotion

Non-profit organisations are under increasing pressure to demonstrate their social impact. This paper examines the experience and behaviour of non-profit organisations in the UK in relation to a demand for social impact evaluations. External resource providers request organisations to present evidence on how resources are used and what organisations have achieved. While most organisations are willing to comply and accept this control, they can also resist through using their discretion in deciding what to measure, how to measure and what to report. Non-profit organisations can proactively and voluntarily use social impact measurement for learning and promotional purposes, and as a way of exerting control over their environment. The analysis develops the concept of strategic decoupling to explain the differences observed between what organisations are asked to do, what they plan to do and what they are doing in practice.     

贸易自由化视角下新丝绸之路战略经济影响评估

新丝绸之路是中国当前实施的一项重大的对外战略,而贸易畅通是中国推进该战略的一项重要举措。中国已经宣布将积极与沿线国家和地区共同商建自由贸易区,激发区域合作潜力。 为探讨贸易自由化视角下新丝绸之路战略的经济影响,采用全球贸易分析模型进行定量分析,以新丝绸之路建设的核心区(中国和中亚五国)为分析对象,从实际GDP、居民福利、进出口贸易和产业结构等方面,对中国与中亚五国开展区域经济一体化合作的效果进行评估。 研究结果表明,①新丝绸之路推进会给沿线国家带来不同的经济增长效应和福利改善效果,是一个共同繁荣和发展的战略。受益于关税减免,中国和中亚五国总GDP增长0.011%,总的福利水平改善671.065百万美元。②新丝绸之路会显著提升沿线国家的经贸合作水平,改变参与国家的产业结构和贸易结构。通过推进区域经济一体化,中国向中亚五国出口增长31.402%,中亚五国向中国出口增长14.143%。③新丝绸之路战略的推进会带来复杂的行业分布效果,中国纺织业受益较大,但农业和电子设备制造业均会遭受一定的损失。与之不同,哈萨克斯坦钢铁金属业产出增幅最高,吉尔吉斯斯坦受益最大的是农业。 从贸易畅通视角推进新丝绸之路经济带建设符合互惠互利的基本原则,中国应该全面客观地了解新丝绸之路战略的影响,针对那些受损严重的行业可能需要出台一定的保护措施。     

Women,reindeer herding and the Internet: an innovative process in northern Sweden

This research note deals with an innovation initiative involving women, reindeer herding and the Internet. It shows how women reindeer herders from a Swedish Sámi village were a driving force in the development of several innovative, EU-funded projects focusing on information and communications technology. The article shows how the innovation initiative involved a wide range of actors, ascribing stakeholders from civil society important roles besides the public and private sectors. The innovation initiative involved several different strategies. One of these strategies was internationalization – both at the European and worldwide levels. This strategy was employed to prevent rigid political hierarchies blocking the prospects of gaining support from local and regional authorities. Another strategy was the continuous exchange of knowledge between engineers and potential end users, adapting the initiative results to the needs of the local context. As a result, the innovation initiative has produced several kinds of outcomes. It has generated new technology as well as economic and social benefits.     

Veiled midwifery in the baby factory — A grounded theory study

Background

Midwives’ professional role has been changing drastically over time, from handling births in home settings to being part of a team in labour wards in hospitals. This demands a greater effort of interprofessional collaboration in childbirth care.

Performing gendered distinctions: young women painting illicit street art and graffiti in Helsinki

This article studies illicit street art and graffiti subculture among women in Helsinki, taking feminist subcultural theory into account. In previous studies of illicit street art and graffiti, women’s participation has been overlooked partly due to lack of data and through the tendency of seeing them as one unified marginalised group. Through ethnographic fieldwork, using edgework as the methodological approach, and interviews with eight women painting street art and graffiti in Helsinki, this article presents a critical perspective on how these women negotiate their positions in the subcultures from different positions. Particularly, it examines the performed gendered distinctions between street art and graffiti, and the negotiations of subcultural subjectivity.     

Like Oil and Water in the American West: Water Market Access amid Unconventional Oil Production in Colorado

Characterized as a “wicked” problem, water shortage in the American West will soon become a reality—due to increasing population, climate change, and decreased flows. Concurrently, water‐centered technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling have facilitated the rapid and widespread growth of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production in the United States. Water markets are increasingly touted as the best, most efficient, and fairest mechanisms for allocating vital and scarce resources. Yet this contention is largely unexplored at the food‐energy‐water nexus, particularly from an environmental justice perspective—where equitable water access for all users is a central concern. We utilize a case study in Colorado's South Platte basin based on 41 in‐depth interviews to show: (1) distortions created in regional water markets as wealthy UOG operators participate in them and (2) ways in which access to water markets becomes blocked for smaller, newer, or water‐poor water users. We also highlight how UOG producers’ presence may inhibit the formation of alternative systems for water exchange. Thus, the participation of UOG operators in Colorado's water markets appears to drive environmental injustice and increased inequity at the food‐energy‐water nexus, rather than facilitating fair or efficient access to water for all users.     

The significance of feminist infrastructure: #MeToo in the construction industry and the green industry in Sweden

To better understand the interplay between digital activism and feminist infrastructure, this study investigates #MeToo activism in the Swedish construction industry and green industry. Both are industries in transition characterized by a dissonance between formal incentives, that encourage women and others to work in environments previously dominated by white men, and the informal power structures hosting a toxic masculinity. Based on media texts and interviews with key persons from the industries, the article situates #MeToo in a local context and shows how it was embedded in a supportive social, cultural, and technical infrastructure. In both industries, at the time of #MeToo this feminist infrastructure was already in place consisting of: an awareness of the problem of sexual harassment and abuse, knowledge of feminist explanatory models, established feminist online networks, and a supportive feminist culture, which together with widespread digital and feminist literacy became instrumental in the organization of the movement. Social media connected activists and created a critical mass by supporting the uniting of conflicting identity positions around shared differences. The established feminist infrastructure meant that the #MeToo activism, by articulating a widespread affective dissonance, pushed open doors that were already half open and forced them wide. This can explain some of the movement's success in Sweden.     

Being Under Pressure to Sext: Adolescents' Experiences,Reactions, and Counter-Strategies

This study explored adolescents' experiences of being under pressure to sext (sending nude images), offering insights into what situations adolescents view as pressuring, how adolescents react to the pressure, and what counter-strategies they use. Written statements from 225 adolescents (age 13–16 years, M = 14.4 years, SD = 0.93) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicated a range of situations including both explicit and implicit pressure. The pressure elicited different emotional responses, including severe physical and psychological reactions, becoming distressed, and being seemingly unconcerned. A majority of the adolescents reported successful strategies on how to ward off the unwanted sexual requests. This study provides insight into how young people cope with potentially harmful situations online.