Analysing a preference and approval profile

This paper illustrates on two examples the use of some multivariate statistical analysis methods for describing profiles of preferences. The first example is the Social Choise and Welfare council election of 1999 and the second is a school-case fictious one. The school case example shows how these methods are able to discover structures on the sets of alternatives and voters. The real-life example shows that essentially the same findings obtain even when only approval votes (and not rankings) are available. Received: 7 January 2002/Accepted: 28 February 2002 Thanks to Steve Brams, Michel Regenwetter and Karine Van der Straeten for their comments on early versions of this paper.     

Small area estimates of labour force participation under a multinomial logit mixed model

Summary.  A new methodology is developed for estimating unemployment or employment characteristics in small areas, based on the assumption that the sample totals of unemployed and employed individuals follow a multinomial logit model with random area effects. The method is illustrated with UK labour force data aggregated by sex–age groups. For these data, the accuracy of direct estimates is poor in comparison with estimates that are derived from the multinomial logit model. Furthermore, two different estimators of the mean-squared errors are given: an analytical approximation obtained by Taylor linearization and an estimator based on bootstrapping. A simulation study for comparison of the two estimators shows the good performance of the bootstrap estimator.     

Immigration and county employment growth

Prior literature has found that immigrants have no effect on the wages and employment of natives. However, this literature has not accounted for the possibility that immigrants contribute to employment growth in the areas where they locate. Research on internal migration has found that internal migrants contribute to local area employment growth. In this paper I compare the effects of natives and immigrants on county employment. Results show that the overall immigrant population contributes more to increases in employment than the overall native population. Recent immigrants and recent internal in-movers have similar effects on employment growth. The net contribution of immigrants to employment growth is confined to nonmanufacturing employment.     

A review of national school-age pregnancy and prevention information clearinghouses

School-age pregnancy is a major social problem that affects youth, families and communities. The complexities of school-age pregnancy demand that social work practitioners have knowledge across diverse fields and keep abreast of changing sociopolitical trends. Information clearning-houses have been developed to assist practitioners in their efforts to keep abreast of a particular field of practice. This paper identifies major national information clearinghouses that provide resources for practitioners who work in the field of school-age pregnancy and prevention.     

Slaters's winners of a tournament may not be in the Banks set

An exemple is given of a tournament in which none of the Kemeny-Slater's winners of the tournament belong to the Banks set.The authors thanks Michel LeBreton, who provided the initial stimulus for this investigation, and an anonymous referee for helpfull comments.     

Call for Papers: ESPE 1994

Call for Papers: ESPE 1994     

Ethnic stereotypes

A la fois comme conséquences et signes de comportement, les stéréotypes (terme créé par Lippmann), ont étéà la base de la littérature des sciences sociales. Edwards a dévelopé le modèle de Lippmann et a présenté quatre dimensions de stéreotypes: contentement, uniformité, direction et intensité. Cette étude examine ces dimensions parmi des étudiants d'écoles secondaires à Winnipeg. Conformément à la théorie d'ethnocentrisme de Sumner, quatre groupes d'étudiants (juifs, allemands, ukrainiens et français) avaient des autostéréotypes positifs supérieurs, et ces auto-évaluations étaient sensiblement plus positives que les stéréotypes des autres. La preuve de réciprocitéétait surtout évidente dans les évaluations mutuellement neutres des étudiants juifs et allemands. Parmi les quatre groupes, les juifs ont aussi été classés les plus bas sur plusieurs des échelles par des étudiants des trois autres groupes. Les résultats suggérent que les étudiants des écoles secondaires ont des autostéréotypes positifs; il y a preuve de réciprocité stéréotypique entre certains groupes, et il ya a des corrélations entre dissemblance religieuse et culturelle et stéréotypes négatifs. Stereotypes, as both a consequence and a predictor of behaviour, have been a basic part of the social science literature since Lippmann coined the term. Edwards developed Lipp-mann's model and presented four dimensions of stereotypes, content, uniformity, direction, and intensity. The present study examines these dimensions among high school students in Winnipeg. In conformity with Sumner's theory of ethnocentrism, four groups of students (Jews, Germans, Ukrainians, French) had high positive autostereotypes, and these self-evaluations were significantly more positive than stereotypes of others. Evidence of reciprocity was most evident in the mutually neutral evaluations of Jewish and German students. Of the four groups, the Jews were also rated lowest on many of the scales by students from the other three groups. The results suggest that high school students have positive autostereotypes; there is evidence of stereotypical reciprocity between some groups, and correlations exist between religious and cultural dissimilarity and negative stereotypes.     

企業培訓促進業務增長——輝瑞的成功企業培訓計劃(英文)

在知識經濟時代,員工的知識和技能正逐漸成為企業最有價值的資產,成為企業競爭優勢的源泉。輝瑞公司的企業培訓是由其企業價值觀決定的,這種企業價值觀促使輝瑞實施著覆蓋全員並因材施教的富有彈性的培訓方案。此外,輝瑞為員工提供了充分透明的職業發展規劃,公司的每一位員工都知曉如何才能被提升以及公司對其提升後的期望,從而使得培訓真正成為了激勵員工的手段。同時,輝瑞的培訓是基於嚴格的培訓業務管理的,而且,輝瑞的培訓對管理者和下屬都有著一套動態的培訓效果的評估與回馈體系。     

The Length of Working Life in Spain: Levels,Recent Trends,and the Impact of the Financial Crisis

While there has been considerable debate about extending the length of working life, relatively little is known about this issue. We use data from the Spanish Continuous Working Life Sample for 2004–2013 to calculate period working life tables, which in turn allows us to assess the impact of the financial crisis on working life expectancy in Spain. Before the recession hit, working life expectancy in Spain was around 38 years for males and 33 years for females. The recession had a tremendous impact on the Spanish labor market, but the effects differed considerably by gender and occupational category. Men working in skilled non-manual jobs were less affected, while men working in unskilled manual jobs lost close to 14 years of working life expectancy. Women were less affected than men. With working life expectancy decreasing, the average proportion of lifetime spent in unemployment and outside the labor market increased markedly, whereas the average number of years spent in retirement changed only a little. When we decompose losses in working life expectancy by age group, we find that economic fluctuations affect both older and younger workers. This result suggests that policies that focus on retirement ages only are incomplete. We also compare our findings to the results obtained by Sullivans method, which is based on prevalence rates rather than the incidence-based working life table approach. We find that the use of Sullivans approach does not accurately reflect the levels of and the trends in working life expectancy.