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191.
Using existing data from the 1999 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study, this study analyzes the social predictors of unwanted sexual advances experienced by college women and where this type of victimization occurs. Routine activities theory informed the analysis. While attendance and increased alcohol consumption at bars have a significant effect on experiences of unwanted sexual advances, attendance at parties, attendance at drink promotions, and participation in drinking games does not. Furthermore, while less satisfaction with education, having more sexual partners and friends that binge drink, and having more alcohol-related problems increase the likelihood of experiencing unwanted sexual advances, so does drinking less in general, having higher educated parents, and having a higher grade point average. These findings show that the predictors of unwanted sexual advances may differ somewhat from those that predict more serious forms of sexual victimization. Implications for future research and policy are discussed. 相似文献
192.
Two new nonparametric common principal component model selection procedures based on bootstrap distributions of the vector correlations of all combinations of the eigenvectors from two groups are proposed. The performance of these methods is compared in a simulation study to the two parametric methods previously suggested by Flury in 1988, as well as modified versions of two nonparametric methods proposed by Klingenberg in 1996 and then by Klingenberg and McIntyre in 1998. The proposed bootstrap vector correlation distribution (BVD) method is shown to outperform all of the existing methods in most of the simulated situations considered. 相似文献
193.
T. Chen K. Knox J. Arora W. Tang J. Kowalski X.M. Tu 《Journal of applied statistics》2016,43(6):979-995
Power analysis for multi-center randomized control trials is quite difficult to perform for non-continuous responses when site differences are modeled by random effects using the generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). First, it is not possible to construct power functions analytically, because of the extreme complexity of the sampling distribution of parameter estimates. Second, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, a popular option for estimating power for complex models, does not work within the current context because of a lack of methods and software packages that would provide reliable estimates for fitting such GLMMs. For example, even statistical packages from software giants like SAS do not provide reliable estimates at the time of writing. Another major limitation of MC simulation is the lengthy running time, especially for complex models such as GLMM, especially when estimating power for multiple scenarios of interest. We present a new approach to address such limitations. The proposed approach defines a marginal model to approximate the GLMM and estimates power without relying on MC simulation. The approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data, with the simulation study demonstrating good performance of the method. 相似文献
194.
Marcel de Toledo Vieira Maria de Fátima Salgueiro Peter W. F. Smith 《Journal of applied statistics》2016,43(7):1310-1321
We investigate the impacts of complex sampling on point and standard error estimates in latent growth curve modelling of survey data. Methodological issues are illustrated with empirical evidence from the analysis of longitudinal data on life satisfaction trajectories using data from the British Household Panel Survey, a national representative survey in Great Britain. A multi-process second-order latent growth curve model with conditional linear growth is used to study variation in the two perceived life satisfaction latent factors considered. The benefits of accounting for the complex survey design are considered, including obtaining unbiased both point and standard error estimates, and therefore correctly specified confidence intervals and statistical tests. We conclude that, even for the rather elaborated longitudinal data models that were considered, estimation procedures are affected by variance-inflating impacts of complex sampling. 相似文献
195.
Sampling Telephone Numbers and Adults, Interview Length, and Weighting in The California Health Interview Survey Cell Phone Pilot Study 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article describes several features included in a CaliforniaHealth Interview Survey cell phone pilot study that differ fromearlier cell phone surveys conducted in the United States. Onedifference is that the study used a screening design and onlyadults living in cell-only households were interviewed. Mostof the previous studies used dual frame designs. Another differencewas the development and implementation of a within-householdadult sampling procedure to cover adults when cell phones wereshared in the household. The study was also intended to determineif conducting a cell phone interview of the same scope and lengthas a regular telephone interview was feasible. Most previoussurveys were focused on cell phone topics and were shorter thanthe comparable landline surveys. We then explore some interestingproblems that arise in weighting a cell phone survey using ascreening design. We conclude with a discussion of planninga new cell phone survey in 2007 that incorporates findings fromthis study. 相似文献
196.
Provisions of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 mandated shorter time frames for making permanency decisions and facilitating adoption. Yet for many children, foster care continued to be a significant portion of their life experiences. This project explored the potential permanency option of birthfamilies and extended kin for children who languished in foster care while being free for adoption. Eighteen children achieved permanent placement with their birthfamilies. In addition, staff found that although many families could not provide permanent placements, they could offer appropriate relationships with the children. This project team recommends viewing family relationships as an integral component where placement is one option on a continuum that includes letters, phone calls, and visits. 相似文献
197.
A measurement model was analyzed to demonstrate a differential distribution and cumulative exposure to psychosocial risk and protective influences of adolescent drug use among ethnically-diverse adolescent samples. The sample included U.S.-born (US) Latino (N = 837), foreign-born (FB) Latino (N = 447), White (N = 632), and African American (N = 618) adolescent boys. Psychological Distress, Peer Drug Use, and Adolescent Drug Use were significantly positively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. In contrast, Family, School, law abidance, and guilt were significantly negatively correlated with Peer Drug Use and Adolescent Drug Use. Multiple group analyses indicated significant similarities and differences among US and FB Latinos, and Whites. Implications for early prevention, multi-level interventions, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
198.
Neighbors C Lostutter TW Whiteside U Fossos N Walker DD Larimer ME 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):259-273
Two studies examined the relationships among injunctive norms and college student gambling. In study 1 we evaluated the accuracy
of perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling and the relationship between perceived approval and gambling behavior.
In study 2 we evaluated gambling behavior as a function of perceptions of approval of other students, friends, and family.
In study 1, which included 2524 college students, perceptions of other students’ approval of gambling were found to be overestimated
and were negatively associated with gambling behavior. The results of study 2, which included 565 college students, replicated the findings of
study 1 and revealed positive associations between gambling behavior and perceived approval of friends and family. Results highlight the complexity of
injunctive norms and the importance of considering the reference group (e.g., peers, friends, family members) in their evaluation.
Results also encourage caution in considering the incorporation of injunctive norms in prevention and intervention approaches. 相似文献
199.
Blankenship J Starling R Woodall WG May PA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(2):157-174
Alcohol consumption and its relationship to gambling was examined in a statewide New Mexico survey in 1996 and 1998. Data
regarding both drinking habits and gambling behavior were obtained from a stratified random sample of the adult population
(N = 2674) across the entire State of New Mexico via phone survey. These surveys were carried out shortly after a period when
New Mexico experienced an initial surge in the legalized gaming industry. Fifty-seven percent of survey respondents reported
drinking in the past month, while 43.1% reported no drinking in the past 30 days. Results show that while the number of days
in the past 30 that a person drinks is significantly correlated with some types of gambling behavior (e.g., in 1998, drinking
more days was associated with more card gambling and sports gambling), it is the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion that
is associated with more gambling behavior. For example, in both 1996 and 1998, drinking more per occasion was associated with
more sports betting, dice gambling, number/lottery gambling, gambling using machines, and paper game gambling (e.g., pull
tabs, punchboard). These results suggest that problem gambling behavior is not affected as much by the number of occasions
on which one consumes alcohol, as by the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion. 相似文献
200.
Weinstock J Whelan JP Meyers AW Watson JM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(1):13-24
This study investigated the prevalence of gambling, gambling related NCAA violations, and disordered gambling in student-athletes
(n = 736) with a comparison cohort of students (n = 1,071) at four universities. Student-athletes reported similar rates of gambling frequency, use of a bookmaker, and disordered
gambling as students. After accounting for demographic differences, student-athletes were less likely to engage in sports
wagering than students. Several risk factors for disordered gambling were identified, including being male and reporting at
least one parent with a history of gambling problems. These findings suggest that problems associated with gambling are a
university-wide issue with student-athletes meriting additional attention because of implications for the integrity of intercollegiate
sports. Improved prevention and intervention efforts for collegiate gambling are recommended. 相似文献