Analyzing large scale exchange networks

Exchange theories or their implementations in algorithms have limited utility because they can be applied only to quite small networks. They cannot be applied to larger networks until that size limit is removed. Domain Analysis cuts networks into smaller pieces at the boundaries of strong power domains. Domain Analysis identifies strong power and breaks, and distinguishes domains that function exactly as they would were they free-standing, and components that do not. Support for the finding of breaks and the distinction between domains and components are obtained using both experimental data and simulations based on X-Net. To illustrate the use of Domain Analysis, it is applied to find the incidence of strong power in large exchange networks. The application shows that the incidence of strong power decreases as network density increases, and that strong power occurs only infrequently in dense networks. We conclude by calling for ever more general analytic procedures.     

Mothering,Fathering, and Externalizing Behavior in Toddler Boys

This study examined the effects of reported maternal and paternal support, psychological control, and spanking on externalizing behavior of toddler boys. Questionnaires were administered to both parents of 104 two‐parent families with a 3‐year‐old son. Both maternal and paternal psychological control was related to boys' externalizing behavior. Interaction effects were found, in that the association between maternal spanking and boys' externalizing behavior was stronger when levels of maternal support were high. High levels of paternal support strengthened the association between maternal support and boys' externalizing behaviors. Results suggest that the associations between specific parenting dimensions and children's externalizing behavior need to be considered within the context of other parenting dimensions that are displayed within the family.     

Unanticipated consequences of “humanitarian intervention”: The British campaign to abolish the slave trade, 1807–1900

Building on Robert Merton’s theory of unanticipated consequences of purposive action and Charles Tilly’s theory of error correction, the present article presents a stylized narrative about the British campaign to abolish the trading in African slaves, from its beginning in 1807 until the end of the nineteenth century. In the end, this campaign was largely successful, though it required error corrections that had extremely far-reaching consequences. The colonization of Africa was, to a certain extent, a second-degree unanticipated consequence. This case study suggests that three sorts of error correction can be distinguished, namely (a) measures that are taken to facilitate the effective implementation of the purposive action; (b) measures that are taken to minimize unintended consequences, after the purposive action has been carried out; and (c) new purposive actions that widen the objective and are more far-reaching than the original purposive action.     

The Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable: Factor Analyses and Concurrent Validity of the “New Look” Measures

This study examined key components of the “New Look” at the imaginary audience and personal fable constructs. Toward this end, data from four samples of Belgian high school students (N= 1,458) were analyzed. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses failed to confirm that the measures associated with the New Look theory, the New Imaginary Audience Scale, and the New Personal Fable Scale (NPFS), tapped a common underlying construct. Only the invulnerability and omnipotence subscales of the NPFS proved to be highly related. In line with the New Look theory, boys were found to believe more strongly in their own uniqueness, invulnerability, and omnipotence than were girls. Higher scores on the invulnerability and omnipotence subscales were associated with lower levels of depression and loneliness. Finally, each aspect of the personal fable seemed to have its own specific role in the process of separation – individuation. Implications of these findings for the New Look theory of the imaginary audience and the personal fable are discussed. Suggestions for future research are put forth, with particular emphasis on the role of the invulnerability/omnipotence complex in adolescent development and behavior and on the family resemblances among the various aspects of the personal fable.     

Erfassung betriebswirtschaftlich relevanter Zeitschriften in den ISI-Datenbanken sowie der Scopus-Datenbank

Zusammenfassung  Publikations- und Zitationsindizes k?nnen insbesondere zur Quellenerschlie?ung und Forschungsevaluation genutzt werden. Die Eignung entsprechender Indizes zur ad?quaten Erfüllung dieser Funktionen h?ngt ma?geblich von der Auswahl der indexierten Publikationen ab. In diesem Beitrag wird die Publikationsauswahl des Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), des Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-X) und der Datenbank Scopus aus Sicht der deutschsprachigen Betriebswirtschaftslehre analysiert. Als Basis für die Untersuchung dienen die Ergebnisse des VHB-JOURQUAL. Neben einem Gesamtüberblick zur Erfassung betriebswirtschaftlich relevanter Zeitschriften in den Datenbanken wird auch die Abdeckung einzelner betriebswirtschaftlicher Forschungsfelder untersucht. Da die Nutzung der Indizes mit einigen Kosten für den Erwerb entsprechender Lizenzen verbunden ist, erfolgt darüber hinaus eine vergleichende Analyse von SSCI, SCI-X und Scopus hinsichtlich der Zeitschriftenabdeckung. Aufgrund der internationalen Ausrichtung der betrachteten Zitationsindizes wird die Untersuchung zus?tzlich auf ein internationales Zeitschriftenranking ausgedehnt.

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Acquisition of economic journals in the ISI-databases and in Scopus

Summary  Publication- and citation-indices are especially used for searching literature and evaluating research performance. Their suitability strongly depends on the publications taken into account. In this paper we analyse the selection of publications in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-X) and Scopus for G erman speaking researchers of business economics. Therewith, the VHB-JOURQUAL provides a basis for our analysis. In addition to an overview of economic relevant journals in the indices we analyse the coverage of special fields of business economics. Due to the fact that using such indices is very expensive, we compare SSCI, SCI-X and Scopus concerning their coverage of journals. As the indices are of international orientation, we enlarge the analysis onto an international ranking of publications.

     

Network public goods with asymmetric information about cooperation preferences and network degree

We propose a game theoretical model of one-shot network public goods formalizing the ‘closure argument’ that cooperation is more frequent in denser groups or networks. Equilibrium analyses show that (i) an ‘inefficiency problem’ exists: players all preferring mutual cooperation need not all cooperate; (ii) in dyads, groups and networks with degree independence, first order stochastic dominance shifts of the distribution of cooperation preferences or the degree distribution (weakly) increases cooperation, and (iii) the latter result does not hold for networks with degree dependence. Hence the closure argument always holds in networks satisfying degree independence but not in other networks.     

BETWEEN BROADCASTING POLITICAL MESSAGES AND INTERACTING WITH VOTERS

Politicians across Western democracies are increasingly adopting and experimenting with Twitter, particularly during election time. The purpose of this article is to investigate how candidates are using it during an election campaign. The aim is to create a typology of the various ways in which candidates behaved on Twitter. Our research, which included a content analysis of tweets (n?=?26,282) from all twittering Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat candidates (n?=?416) during the 2010 UK General Election campaign, focused on four aspects of tweets: type, interaction, function and topic. By examining candidates' twittering behaviour, the authors show that British politicians mainly used Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. However, there were a group of candidates who used it to interact with voters by, for example, mobilizing, helping and consulting them, thus tapping into the potential Twitter offers for facilitating a closer relationship with citizens.