Graphical Display of Means

A graphical procedure for the display of treatment means that enables one to determine the statistical significance of the observed differences is presented. It is shown that the widely used least significant difference and honestly significant difference statistics can be used to construct plots in which any two means whose uncertainty intervals do not overlap are significantly different at the assigned probability level. It is argued that these plots, because of their straightforward decision rules, are more effective than those that show the observed means with standard errors or confidence limits. Several examples of the proposed displays are included to illustrate the procedure.     

IFLA Library Reference Model,RDA, and Serials in a Nutshell

Abstract

IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) represents the consolidation of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and the two other conceptual models of the Functional Requirements (FR) family, the Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) and the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD). IFLA LRM includes a specific section (5.8) devoted to serials. The RDA Steering Committee adopted IFLA LRM as the conceptual model for the development of RDA in November 2016. The 3R (RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign) Project’s purpose is partly to make RDA compatible with the IFLA LRM. A beta version of the English-language content of the RDA Toolkit, which incorporates the IFLA LRM, was released in June 2018. This column explores, in lay terms, serials in relation to the IFLA LRM and the RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign (3R) Project. The beta version of the restructured and redesigned RDA Toolkit introduces several new concepts relating to serials.     

Flood Risk Perceptions and Insurance Choice: Do Decisions in the Floodplain Reflect Overoptimism?

In the presence of rare disasters, risk perceptions may not always align with actual risks. These perceptions can nevertheless influence an individual's willingness to mitigate risks through activities such as purchasing flood insurance. In a survey of Maryland floodplain residents, we find that stated risk perceptions predict voluntary flood insurance take‐up, while perceptions themselves varied widely among surveyed residents, owing in large part to differences in past flood experience. We use a formal test for overoptimism in risk perceptions and find that, on aggregate, floodplain residents are overly optimistic about flood risks.     

Designing and modeling innovation across scales for urban water systems

Urban Ecosystems - Effective, sustainable management of urban water systems, including drinking water, stormwater, wastewater, and natural water systems, is critical to the health and well-being of...