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971.
972.
Inferences for survival curves based on right censored data are studied for situations in which it is believed that the treatments have survival times at least as large as the control or at least as small as the control. Testing homogeneity with the appropriate order restricted alternative and testing the order restriction as the null hypothesis are considered. Under a proportional hazards model, the ordering on the survival curves corresponds to an ordering on the regression coefficients. Approximate likelihood methods, which are obtained by applying order restricted procedures to the estimates of the regression coefficients, and ordered analogues to the log rank test, which are based on the score statistics, are considered. Mau's (1988) test, which does not require proportional hazards, is extended to this ordering on the survival curves. Using Monte Carlo techniques, the type I error rates are found to be close to the nominal level and the powers of these tests are compared. Other order restrictions on the survival curves are discussed briefly. 相似文献
973.
This paper develops a model of interest group lobbying based on the central premise that such lobbying is fundamentally an exercise in strategic information transmission. Lobbyists typically possess information that legislators do not and, inter alia, such information is relevant to legislators when it concerns the consequences — either policy or political — of supporting one bill rather than another. However, given that the interests of lobbyists do not necessarily coincide with those of legislators, the extent to which a lobbyist is able to persuade a legislator to act in his or her interest is moot. The paper explores the extent to which lobbyists can influence a legislative decision in such a setting; in particular, we are concerned with the incentives for interest groups to acquire costly information and lobby a legislator when there exist other groups that do not share the same interests. Among the results are that a legislator will on average make better decisions with lobbying than without, and that the more important is an issue to a special interest group, the more likely is the legislator to make the correct full-information decision.Herb and Gloria Weiss are indirectly responsible for this paper. Unfortunately, neither they nor the anonymous referees can be held responsible for any errors or omissions the paper might contain. 相似文献
974.
The therapist who is perceived as "spiritually correct": strategies for avoiding collusion with the "spiritually one-up" spouse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marital and family therapists who are perceived by the community as having a strong spiritual orientation face unique and difficult challenges. Clients who seek their help often bring a mix of expectations that can create a situation in which the therapist may struggle with multiple roles, some not of his or her choosing. These expectations are especially challenging when one spouse views him-or herself as "spiritually one-up" and wants the therapist to form a spiritually based coalition against the other partner. This paper describes the various dilemmas that therapists may face when clients perceive them as having spiritual expertise and presents strategies that can be used for avoiding these dilemmas. A case study illustrates the use of these approaches. 相似文献
975.
This paper examines whether the duration of lone parenthood in Great Britain is dependent on demographic and economic factors that also affect the living standards of lone parents and their families. The analysis is restricted to female lone parents and is carried out separately for never married lone mothers and previously married lone mothers. For never married mothers, the duration of lone parenthood is defined as the waiting time between an illegitimate birth (i.e. out of marriage) and marriage. For previously married mothers, the duration of lone parenthood is the waiting time between marital dissolution and remarriage. These durations are modelled with hazard regression techniques and data from the marital, demographic and employment histories of the 1980Women and Employment Survey.Cet article examine la dépendance entre durée de parenté sans conjoint et diverses caractéristiques démographiques et économiques qui affectent aussi les conditions de vie des parents seuls et de leurs enfants. L'analyse est restreinte aux femmes sans conjoint et réalisée séparément sur celles qui n'ont jamais été mariées ou au contraire l'ont été antérieurement. Pour les femmes non mariées, la durée de parenté sans conjoint est définie comme le temps d'attente entre une naissance illégitime (c'est-à-dire hors mariage) et le mariage. Pour les femmes ayant eu un conjoint antérieur, la durée de parenté sans conjoint est le temps d'attente entre la dissolution du mariage et le remariage. Ces durées sont analysées à l'aide de modèles de regression à risques, avec des données sur l'histoire matrimoniale, démographique et professionnelle. 相似文献
976.
Best F Wright JD 《Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation》1978,57(1):136-153
Existing theory and data on work--leisure preferences suggest that how work and free time are scheduled may influence workers' preferences regarding the exchange of income for free time. In general, hours and income are not traded in a strict one-to-one fashion; rather, the value of leisure time is in part a function of the "lumps" in which free time is made available. Exploratory research on an accidental sample of 248 employees in ten work organizations supports this hypothesis. Some societal implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
977.
When immigrants are not migrants: counting arrivals of the foreign born using the U.S. census 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
"This paper compares characteristics of recent immigrant arrivals in the United States using two measures from the decennial U.S. census: the came-to-stay question and the migration question.... Among recent arrivals, defined as those who reported they came to stay in the quinquennium preceding the census, a large number were resident in the United States five years before the census date. Furthermore, the proportion of recent arrivals present in the United States five years before the census increased between 1975-1980 and 1985-1990.... Generally, in both the 1975-1980 and 1985-1990 cohorts, those resident in the United States five years before the census have significantly less schooling and lower incomes than those who were abroad." 相似文献
978.
Dr. Emeline Homonoff DSW Dr. Jeanne Martin Ed.D. Ms. Deborah Rimpas MSW Dr. Homonoff Margaret Henderson MSW 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1994,11(1):53-61
Regional Prevention Centers in Massachusetts established a training of trainers model to help communities prevent youth from the early use of alcohol and other drugs. The curriculum, called It Takes a Village to Raise a Child, teaches interested adults about prevention, empowers them to be positive role models, and helps them teach children skills that will strengthen resistance to alcohol and other drugs. The success of the program lies in its egalitarian climate for learning, its adaptability to different problems and populations, and its enhancement of communities' sense of responsibility for all children.Assistant Professor, Simmons College, School of Social Work. 相似文献
979.
This study explores factors related to drug-exposed infants' case substantiation and subsequent child maltreatment. Child protective services computerized administrative data (from January 1998 to October 2001) were obtained from an urban Nevada county. The data included 457 drug-exposed infant cases. Chi-square, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that: (1) drug-exposed infant case substantiation was related to the type of drug exposure and the unit to which the case was assigned, but not to the mother's ethnicity; and (2) subsequent maltreatment among drug-exposed infants was related to the mother's age and prior parental alcohol abuse, but not to the type of drug exposure, nor to the initial drug-exposed infant status of case substantiation. Implications for child welfare practice and research are discussed. 相似文献
980.
In this study, we examined how marriage and family therapists from various countries and diverse cultural backgrounds address the intersection of gender, power, and culture in therapy. Twenty participants from 15 countries responded to an Internet survey that included several hypothetical, clinical vignettes not associated with any one particular culture or nationality. Participants selected a vignette based on its similarity to clinical situations they face in practice within their cultural contexts, and provided information about their conceptualizations of gender, culture, and power, along with treatment recommendations. We analyzed data using analytic induction and constant comparison methods. Results indicate the careful balance with which the participants work to engage clients in therapy, respect cultural values and practices, and promote equitable gender relationships. 相似文献