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61.
Clearly, the necessary changes in the law and culture will not come easily or quickly. But, transcending all forms of these
labor market segments is a set of concerns that arguably should spur a search for common ground between labor and management.
The proliferation of automated technologies, together with the continuing impact of foreign competition with cheap labor markets,
has led some to predict that, over the next quarter century, we will witness the elimination of the blue-collar, mass assembly-line
worker from the production process.14
Moreover, the theory that those losing jobs in the manufacturing sector will be generally absorbed into the service sector
is losing currency as it is becoming clear that service jobs are, themselves, not invulnerable either to offshore outsourcing
(e.g., telephone operators, data processors) or to automated technology (e.g., bank tellers, office secretaries).
Nor is it realistic to expect the new “knowledge sector” to absorb more than a fraction of the unemployed and underemployed
casualties of this transformation. As a result, the widening gap between the haves and have nots will only continue to grow.
As the trend accelerates, certain possibilities for a labor-management accommodation emerge. For one thing, although corporations
may be enjoying short-term gains from present wage stagnation, downsizing, outsourcing, and casting off of permanent employees,
the longer term effects include a work force with considerably diminished consumer purchasing power. In some industries, corporations
are already acknowledging the adverse effects of this trend.
Furthermore, as employers are contributing into pension funds on behalf of fewer and fewer “employees,” the forced savings
pool that has for many years constituted a primary financing source of capital investments in our economy, will gradually
be depleted.15
At the same time as employers are coming face to face with the disadvantages of the union-free environment they have so long
sought, employers are also rediscovering the contributions to productivity, quality, and efficiency that can be gained from
a truly empowered work force with an independent voice in the workplace. All of this should lead an enlightened management
to place less currency on resisting unionization and other legitimate forms of independent employee representation, and to
join labor in advocating strong labor standards and effective labor law for all four of the labor market segments that exist
today and will exist tomorrow.
The authors wish to convey their deep appreciation for the invaluable contributions to this paper made by David Silberman
of Bredhoff & Kaiser and Craig Becker, Associate General Counsel, Service Employees International Union. Another version of
this paper was published in Labor Lawyer. 相似文献
62.
Yimo Shen Todd Jackson Cody Ding Denghua Yuan Lei Zhao Yunlai Dou Qinglin Zhang 《European Management Journal》2014
Perceived organizational support (POS) is viewed as an important explanatory framework for understanding the relationship between employees and the workplace, and is regarded by some researchers as central in understanding job-related attitudes and behaviors of employees. However, less research has taken into account the role of organizational identification, which reflects how individuals define the self with respect to their organization, as a potential influence on such relationships. Drawing on a cross-organizational sample of 238 subordinate-supervisor dyads from the People’s Republic of China, we examined whether organizational identification mediates the effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on work outcomes including turnover intentions, work performance, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Results from the current study showed that organizational identification fully mediates the relation of POS to OCB-directed to individuals, and partially mediates relations between POS and other work outcomes (turnover intention, work performance, OCB-directed to organization). Implications for management theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
63.
Olivier Catelinois Dominique Laurier Pierre Verger Agnès Rogel Marc Colonna Marianne Ignasiak Denis Hémon Margot Tirmarche 《Risk analysis》2005,25(2):243-252
The increase in the thyroid cancer incidence in France observed over the last 20 years has raised public concern about its association with the 1986 nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl. At the request of French authorities, a first study sought to quantify the possible risk of thyroid cancer associated with the Chernobyl fallout in France. This study suffered from two limitations. The first involved the lack of knowledge of spontaneous thyroid cancer incidence rates (in the absence of exposure), which was especially necessary to take their trends into account for projections over time; the second was the failure to consider the uncertainties. The aim of this article is to enhance the initial thyroid cancer risk assessment for the period 1991-2007 in the area of France most exposed to the fallout (i.e., eastern France) and thereby mitigate these limitations. We consider the changes over time in the incidence of spontaneous thyroid cancer and conduct both uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The number of spontaneous thyroid cancers was estimated from French cancer registries on the basis of two scenarios: one with a constant incidence, the other using the trend observed. Thyroid doses were estimated from all available data about contamination in France from Chernobyl fallout. Results from a 1995 pooled analysis published by Ron et al. were used to determine the dose-response relation. Depending on the scenario, the number of spontaneous thyroid cancer cases ranges from 894 (90% CI: 869-920) to 1,716 (90% CI: 1,691-1,741). The number of excess thyroid cancer cases predicted ranges from 5 (90% UI: 1-15) to 63 (90% UI: 12-180). All of the assumptions underlying the thyroid cancer risk assessment are discussed. 相似文献
64.
65.
Engagement must be appreciated as an integral ongoing aspect of therapy. It can provide therapists with a wealth of information about the structure and functioning of the family. Engagement/counter-engagement, assessment and interventions are essential, interdependent processes which occur throughout treatment. Ways of enhancing the engagement process are discussed. 相似文献
66.
Sociological Forum - 相似文献
67.
68.
W.U. Jackson 《Long Range Planning》1984,17(3):24-31
The author outlines the complexity of trying to measure performance in local government and poses the questions: performance review by whom?—elected members, professional officers, outside bodies and management consultants: for whom?—ratepayers, recipients of services, central government: and for what purpose?—to cut costs, to cut services, to improve efficiency. He then outlines the various techniques used to measure and assess performance in local government. 相似文献
69.
Judah Rosenblatt D.L. Jackson W.P. Dole W.L. Thompson 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1983,8(3):281-300
In this paper the accuracy of the normal approximation to the Poisson is treated from the viewpoint of direct approximation of Poisson variables by normal ones. The conclusions that are derived on the accuracy of this approximation lead (among others) to very useful results on confidence limits for the mean of a linear combination of independent Poisson variables; these latter are employed in precise determination of the composition of a mixture of radioactive isotopes by means of a scintillation counter. 相似文献
70.
Sharon Jackson 《Journal of Population Research》1995,12(1):25-34
This paper applies a simple economic model to explain short run movements in Australian fertility, abstracting from social
and cultural conditions. It shows that Australian fertility can be modelled with some success using only wages and employment
data, once we allow for the different effects of changes in men’s and women’s wages for the period 1966–90. The elasticity
of the total fertility rate over this period is found to be negative with respect to women’s wages and positive with respect
to men’s wages. As well as having the expected sign, the estimated elasticities are similar in magnitude to those for the
United States over the period 1948–75. 相似文献