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641.
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin 《Population and environment》2010,31(4):255-281
This article examines whether natural disasters affect fertility—a topic little explored but of policy importance given relevance
to policies regarding disaster insurance, foreign aid, and the environment. The identification strategy uses historic regional
data to exploit natural variation within each of two countries: one European country—Italy (1820–1962), and one Asian country—Japan
(1671–1965). The choice of study settings allows consideration of Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1981) theory that preindustrial differences in income and population between Asia and Europe resulted from the
fertility response to different environmental risk profiles. According to the results, short-run instability, particularly
that arising from the natural environment, appears to be associated with a decrease in fertility—thereby suggesting that environmental
shocks and economic volatility are associated with a decrease in investment in the population size of future generations.
The results also show that, contrary to Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory,
differences in fertility between Italy and Japan cannot be explained away by disaster proneness alone. Research on the effects
of natural disasters may enable social scientists and environmentalists alike to better predict the potential effects of the
increase in natural disasters that may result from global climate change. 相似文献
642.
This paper examines how full-time or part-time status affects students’ level of satisfaction with their degree programs.
For our analysis, we obtained data from a survey of graduate students. The survey was conducted at a public university in
Spain from 2001 to 2004. The decision to undertake paid employment while studying emerges as one of the key determinants of
student satisfaction. In particular, our findings indicate that students who hold a part-time job while studying are more
likely to express less satisfaction with their college experience. 相似文献
643.
Research on Eastern Europe stresses the weakness of its civil society and the lack of political and social involvement, neglecting the question: What do people themselves think it means to be a good citizen? This study looks at citizens’ definitions of good citizenship in Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary, using 2002 European Social Survey data. We investigate mean levels of civic mindedness in these countries and perform regression analyses to investigate whether factors traditionally associated with civic and political participation are also correlated with citizenship norms across Eastern Europe. We show that mean levels of civic mindedness differ significantly across the four Eastern European countries. We find some support for theories on civic and political participation when explaining norms of citizenship, but also demonstrate that individual-level characteristics are differently related to citizenship norms across the countries of our study. Hence, our findings show that Eastern Europe is not a monolithic and homogeneous bloc, underscoring the importance of taking the specificities of countries into account. 相似文献
644.
Jan Delhey 《Social indicators research》2010,97(1):65-84
This paper takes the theory of value change as developed by Inglehart as a point of departure and tests its implications for
the determinants of human happiness. It investigates whether the importance of post-material concerns for happiness, relative
to that of materialist concerns, is indeed higher in rich post-industrial societies. Personal autonomy and job creativity
serve as indicators for post-materialist concerns, the income domain as an indicator for materialist concerns. The main assumption
is put against data for 48 countries from wave 5 of the World Values Survey, the most recent survey, which covers the full
range from poor agrarian to rich post-industrial societies. Employing a multi-level design, the paper indeed reveals a quite
consistent pattern towards post-materialist happiness as we move from poor to rich societies. This pattern seems to be driven
by both a devalorization of material concerns and a valorization of post-materialist concerns, although the evidence suggests
that the former trend is stronger and more linear than the latter. 相似文献
645.
Alexandra Nonnenmacher Tim Spier 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2014,66(1):369-393
In this paper, we aim to test Olson’s (The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1965) assumptions of group size effects on free-riding tendencies in political parties. Multilevel analyses of the Deutsche Parteimitgliederstudie (German Party Membership Study) 2009 reveal that for members of the CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, the assumed negative relationship between the number of party members in the district association and their individual level of activity can only be shown for the eastern states of Germany. Moreover, we show that selective incentives are not suitable for reducing the negative impact of a increasing membership figure, while normative incentives are associated with an increasing free-riding tendency with increasing number of members in the western and eastern Bundesländer. Our results only partly support the assumptions on collective action problems and point to a need for further theoretical and empirical research on group size effects and on the role incentives’ play in explaining the activity in political parties. 相似文献
646.
Oliver Arránz Becker Daniel Lois Anja Steinbach 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2014,66(1):417-444
The present contribution shows conceptual and methodological approaches for the study of social context effects within families. Family members mutually constitute the social context in which family behavior and personality development take place. Social influence in families becomes evident empirically in family members’ significant similarity concerning a wide variety of characteristics. The present study focuses on intrafamily convergence with regard to religiousness. In an empirical illustration, both (a) horizontal intracouple alignment and (b) vertical intergenerational transmission processes are examined. Besides the finding that experiences during religious socialization in the parental home have a stronger impact than partner influences in adulthood, our analyses show that social context effects are more pronounced the stronger the cohesion of the respective interaction dyad is (e.g., according to measures of relationship quality). 相似文献
647.
648.
Alessandro Lomi Christoph Stadtfeld 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2014,66(1):395-415
One way to think about social context is as a sample of alters. To understand individual action, therefore, it matters greatly where these alters may be coming from, and how they are connected. According to one vision, connections among alters induce local dependencies—emergent rules of social interaction that generate endogenously the observed network structure of social settings. Social selection is the decision of interest in this perspective. According to a second vision, social settings are collections of social foci—physical or symbolic locales where actors meet. Because alters are more likely to be drawn from focused sets, shared social foci are frequently considered as the main generators of network ties, and hence of setting structure. Affiliation to social foci is the decision of central interest in this second view. In this paper we show how stochastic actor–oriented models (SAOMs) originally derived for studying the dynamics of multiple networks may be adopted to represent and examine these interconnected systems of decisions (selection and affiliation) within a unified analytical framework. We illustrate the empirical value of the model in the context of a longitudinal sample of adolescent participating in the Glasgow Teenage Friends and Lifestyle Study. Social selection decisions are examined in the context of networks of friendship relations. The analysis treats musical genres as the main social foci of interest. 相似文献
649.
Mel Pollner regularly cautioned researchers not to argue with the members of settings under consideration. He warned against
substituting the researcher’s meaning for the meanings of those being studied. This article discusses facets of the caution
as they relate to the research process. Seemingly simple, the tenet is nuanced in application. The article adds to the nuance
by distinguishing what is called the “replacement” of meaning with the “displacement” of meaning, providing a way of understanding
what members could mean if the contexts and settings of their accounts were taken into consideration. 相似文献
650.
Jason M. Fletcher 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(1):49-75
In this paper, we use a longitudinal survey that has collected information for 50 years on a large cohort of Wisconsin high
school graduates and their siblings to examine the long term impact of early occupational choice on health status. We find
evidence that beginning a career in a blue collar occupation is correlated with several measures of poor health outcomes at
ages 50–65. Since our dataset includes usually unobserved pre-labor market characteristics, including IQ and childhood health
status, we can show that controlling for these variables is important for many results and suggests a high level of selection
into occupation based on health and ability. We also provide evidence of gender differentials in the association between first
occupation and later health. Then, we replace our basic measure of occupational categories with summary measures of job characteristics
and find that employment at “bad jobs” at the beginning of an individual’s career predicts later health outcomes. Finally,
we use sibling information in the dataset to show that unmeasured family background factors explain a large share of the effects
of occupation on later health. Overall, the evidence points to limited, though heterogeneous, long term effects of health
from blue collar employment. 相似文献