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41.
Gravediggers have death as object of their work. Their activities are painful, physically and mental demanding, as well as unhealthy. Literature is scarce about this theme. The aim of this study is to evaluate gravediggers' work activities and health consequences. The methodological frame which guided this study was Dejours' psychic suffering and its association with the psychodynamic aspects of work. Data collection took place in April-May 2011 in one public and one private cemetery of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Four male workers, aged between 45 to 60 years old were interviewed. Their work activities were observed during a workday. Participants reported their life dreams, defense mechanisms and frustration. The discourse of gravediggers showed serious problems associated to physical and mental demands, public invisibility and/ or social devaluation of work. The most important physical symptom was body pain. In spite this is a preliminary study, it was possible to raise a number of work stressors and health outcomes of gravediggers, an "invisible" worker of our society. 相似文献
42.
43.
Marina Liborakina 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1996,7(4):397-411
Historically, civil activism was primarily shaped illegally in Russia, through the revolutionary underground under tsarism,
and via dissident movement under the Soviet regime. Among legal enterprises, philanthropy maintained an orientation toward
gradualist social change and mutual support. Women have played a major role in philanthropy and voluntary activities in Russia.
Compared to European and American women, Russian women enjoyed far more extensive property rights which defined different
strategies for gaining access to public space. Women's philanthropy made its greatest impact on public policy-making agendas
not through maternalistic programmes for mothers and children but through education of women and girls, and support of women
entering the job market. However, their contribution, especially in its civic aspects, has been undervalued for many reasons,
particularly in the interpretation of a powerful ethos of female self-sacrifice peculiar to Russian women as a basic motive
of women's voluntarism. This article challenges this interpretation and instead portrays women in philanthropy and voluntary
activity as agents of social change. 相似文献
44.
This article focuses the attention on the Self Exciting Threshold Autoregressive Moving Average model (SETARMA) proposed in Tong (1983). The stochastic structure of the model is discussed and different specifications are presented. Starting from one of them, we give sufficient conditions for the weak stationarity of the model that are discussed and critically compared to other results given in literature. In particular, after showing that the SETARMA model belongs to the class of the Random Coefficients Autoregressive models, widely discussed in Nicholls and Quinn (1982), we give some issues on the weak stationarity of its stochastic structure that are more general than those given in the existing literature and appear not affected by the moving average component. 相似文献
45.
The Family Group Conference (FGC) is grounded in a rights-based framework, whereby children and their families have the right and responsibility to be primary decision-makers when child protection issues arise, and the statutory agency has the responsibility to convene the entitled members of the family network to lead the decision-making. A distinct core component of FGC—private family time (PFT)—allows families to discuss the information and formulate their responses and plans privately during conferencing. This paper describes how a large child welfare agency in the United States adapted PFT in two ways: (1) including a parent advocate (PA) and (2) abbreviating the amount of time allowed for this discussion. Given the lack of empirical research on the PFT component, this qualitative exploratory study sought to understand the functions and perceived impacts of PA-supported PFT during initial child protective services (CPS) conferences at which decisions of child removal or placement were being contemplated. PFT served multiple beneficial functions and impacted families in several positive ways: families gained greater awareness of safety concerns, felt empowered and confident in the preferred safety and service plan, became increasingly engaged and involved in the case decision-making process and ultimately felt less apprehensive. 相似文献
46.
47.
Marina Balboa José Martí Nina Zieling 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2011,24(4):449-466
This paper contributes to the literature on the effect of venture capital (VC) on the economic development of areas in which those specialized investors are active. The work focuses on the separate consideration of two effects that are supposed to explain the superior performance of a large sample of Spanish VC-backed firms, namely funding and value-added services provided by VC managers to their investee firms. The results show that funding is significant regardless of the stage of development of the investee firm. The value added, however, is only significant for the subsample of firms at the expansion stage. 相似文献
48.
Helga Weisz Marina Fischer-Kowalski Clemens M. Grünbühel Helmut Haberl Fridolin Krausmann Verena Winiwarter 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2001,14(2):117-142
What do transition processes in rural areas in Thailand, biomass consumption in nineteenth-century Austria and the ecology of hunter-gatherers have to do with the appropriation of plant production and global environmental change? More than one might think of in the first place. They are part of a scholarly discourse on our changing relations with the environment. We argue that global change can be analysed in terms of transitions between major modes of subsistence and try to document this with several case studies. 相似文献
49.
Time series arising in practice often have an inherently irregular sampling structure or missing values, that can arise for
example due to a faulty measuring device or complex time-dependent nature. Spectral decomposition of time series is a traditionally
useful tool for data variability analysis. However, existing methods for spectral estimation often assume a regularly-sampled
time series, or require modifications to cope with irregular or ‘gappy’ data. Additionally, many techniques also assume that
the time series are stationary, which in the majority of cases is demonstrably not appropriate. This article addresses the
topic of spectral estimation of a non-stationary time series sampled with missing data. The time series is modelled as a locally
stationary wavelet process in the sense introduced by Nason et al. (J. R. Stat. Soc. B 62(2):271–292, 2000) and its realization is assumed to feature missing observations. Our work proposes an estimator (the periodogram) for the
process wavelet spectrum, which copes with the missing data whilst relaxing the strong assumption of stationarity. At the
centre of our construction are second generation wavelets built by means of the lifting scheme (Sweldens, Wavelet Applications
in Signal and Image Processing III, Proc. SPIE, vol. 2569, pp. 68–79, 1995), designed to cope with irregular data. We investigate the theoretical properties of our proposed periodogram, and show that
it can be smoothed to produce a bias-corrected spectral estimate by adopting a penalized least squares criterion. We demonstrate
our method with real data and simulated examples. 相似文献
50.
Francesco Giordano Cira Perna Cosimo D. Vitale 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2012,21(3):355-361
We discuss the paper by Battaglia and Protopapas concerning the analysis of global warming phenomenon in the Alpine Region. The Authors consider a nonlinear model which takes into account regimes in time and levels. In this contribution some of the statistical results presented in the paper are commented and a different approach to the problem is proposed. It is based on a temporal aggregation analysis and it can help to highlight some features in the data. 相似文献