Charitable Activity in England and Wales*

THIS paper reports the results of a random sample of 418 registered charities in England and Wales for 1975. The sample provides information on total income and assets and the distribution of charities by age, objects and size. The evidence suggests that the charity sector is considerably larger than had previously been thought, with a total income in 1975 of approximately £3,600 m. It is dominated by a relatively small number of large and active charities serving a limited number of objects. By far the most important of these (in terms of income) is the advancement of education, a broad group which includes independent schools and colleges.     

The family educator: a professional resource for families.

The family educator works with the client's family members to help in their understanding of their ill relative and to assist with managing the stress of the caregiver role. Families come to understand that they can join forces with the clinical team in helping their relative engage in a trial of treatment. Each treatment recommendation is explained to the family and decisions are arrived at by consensus through partnership meetings. Role modeling effective interaction approaches and providing assistance in generating alternative solutions to problematic situations are important functions of the family educator.     

Dimensions of Family Conflict and Their Influence on Child and Adolescent Adjustment

Using the first (1987-1988) and second (1992-1994) waves of the National Survey of Families and Households, this study examines the concurrent and longitudinal influences of interparental conflict and parent-child conflict on child and adolescent adjustment. Analyses focus on 542 intact families, each with a randomly selected focal child aged 5 to 11 at time 1 and aged 10 to 17 at time 2. Results indicate that both parent-child and parent-adolescent conflict are critical predictors of children's and adolescents'socioemotional adjustment. Interparental conflict, by contrast, is less important for adjustment in middle and late childhood as well as in adolescence. The findings extend previous research by suggesting that the salience and threat of interparental conflict subside as children make the transition into adolescence.     

Distance sampling methodology

We consider the method of distance sampling described by Buckland, Anderson, Burnham and Laake in 1993. We explore the properties of the methodology in simple cases chosen to allow direct and accessible comparisons of distance sampling in the design- and model-based frameworks. In particular, we obtain expressions for the bias and variance of the distance sampling estimator of object density and for the expected value of the recommended analytic variance estimator within each framework. These results enable us to clarify aspects of the performance of the methodology which may be of interest to users and potential users of distance sampling.     

A graph-theoretical approach to the aggregation of individual preference orderings

A graph-theoretical approach as first outlined by Harary et al. is developed for solving the problem of aggregating a given set of individual preference orderings provided that no individual preferential judgment is inconsistent with the collective preference ordering obtained by aggregation.

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