Windows to the Soul? Deliberate Eye Contact as a Cue to Deceit

Although people overwhelmingly believe that liars avoid eye contact, meta-analyses of deception literature have shown a non-significant relationship between gaze and deception. In the present experiment we measured eye movements in an innovative way. We coded the extent to which interviewees deliberately made eye contact with the interviewer. Liars take their credibility less for granted than truth tellers. They therefore may have a greater desire to be convincing and hence more inclined to monitor the interviewer to determine whether they seem to be being believed. We therefore hypothesized that liars would give more appearance of deliberately making eye contact than truth tellers (a relationship which opposes the stereotypical belief that liars look away). A total of 338 passengers at an international airport told the truth or lied about their forthcoming trip. As well as the deliberate eye contact variable, we coded the amount of time the interviewees looked away from the interviewer (e.g., gaze aversion), which is typically examined in deception research. Liars displayed more deliberate eye contact than truth tellers, whereas the amount of gaze aversion did not differ between truth tellers and liars.     

PRICING AUSTRALIAN S&P200 OPTIONS: A BAYESIAN APPROACH BASED ON GENERALIZED DISTRIBUTIONAL FORMS

This paper develops a new class of option price models and applies it to options on the Australian S&P200 Index. The class of models generalizes the traditional Black‐Scholes framework by accommodating time‐varying conditional volatility, skewness and excess kurtosis in the underlying returns process. An important property of these more general pricing models is that the computational requirements are essentially the same as those associated with the Black‐Scholes model, with both methods being based on one‐dimensional integrals. Bayesian inferential methods are used to evaluate a range of models nested in the general framework, using observed market option prices. The evaluation is based on posterior parameter distributions, as well as posterior model probabilities. Various fit and predictive measures, plus implied volatility graphs, are also used to rank the alternative models. The empirical results provide evidence that time‐varying volatility, leptokurtosis and a small degree of negative skewness are priced in Australian stock market options.     

Teaching, tracking, and marketing our product

Many sociology departments have faced difficult times in the past decade. This article examines how this crisis confronted two universities in North Carolina and the strategies which they used to strengthen their departments. Major emphasis is given to how state associations can assist departments in developing applied curriculum, publicizing their successful endeavors, and recruiting students. The article also provides insights about dealing with outcomes assessment as well as administering internship programs. Jan Rienerth teaching interests are in women’s issues, applied sociology, and experimental learning. Her research has focused on women and the elderly in prison. Martin Shultz primary research area involves the long term changes in the American family, especially divorce. In the past ten years, he has developed additional interests in applied sociology with an internship program. Richard Caston interests include socio-economics, health, and applied research.     

Implementing Looking After Children in an English local authority

Successful training strategies in all authorities implementing Looking After Children cover the following issues: implementation at all levels of the organisation; introducing the materials as a creative work tool; and uses of the data in research and planning.     

Effects of omitting a covariate in poisson models when the data are balanced

The authors show that for balanced data, the estimates of effects of interest and of their standard errors are unaffected when a covariate is removed from a multiplicative Poisson model. As they point out, this is not verified in the analogous linear model, nor in the logistic model. In the first case, only the estimated coefficients remain the same, while in the second case, both the estimated effects and their standard errors can change.     

Deaths from Alcohol and Violence in Moscow: Socio-economic Determinants

Objective: To examine the association between accidental, violent and alcohol related adult mortality in the Russian capital and socio-economic status characteristics such as educational status, occupational group and marital status.Data and methods: individual death records for Moscow City for the years 1994 and 1995, for 86121 deaths between the ages of 20–59. Proportional mortality analysis was used to compare trends for alcohol related deaths and accidental and violent deaths (representing 5 and 28% of all deaths in this age group), with multiple controls consisting of deaths from cancer at various sites.Results: The probability of death from alcohol related diseases increased as education level decreased, with those men failing to complete secondary education over two and a half times as likely to die from these causes than men with higher education. Blue collar workers were also much more likely to die from these causes than white collar workers. Marriage had a marked protective effect for both men and women.Conclusion: Despite 75 years of official egalitarian ideology, there are marked socio-economic differentials in mortality in Russia. For the causes of death analysed, socio-economic mortality differentials were greater for women than for men.     

Contemporary Terrorism: Risk Perception in the London Options Market

Previous studies have a demonstrated a linkage between terrorist attacks and the operation of financial markets. This article focuses on terrorist events carried out over the last five years and examines how they have been perceived among participants on the London financial market. Data from the London options market suggest a high degree of sensitivity to these events. We argue that this sensitivity reveals a vulnerability in the financial markets should the recent trends in terrorist activity continue.     

中国经济改革与城镇劳动力市场分割——不同地区职工工资收入差距的分析

文章利用1995、2002年的中国城镇职工工资收入数据与Oaxaca Blinder分解方法的扩展形式,分析了这一时期中国城镇地区劳动力市场分割效应对不同地区之间职工收入差距变动的影响作用.分解分析结果证实了不同地区之间城镇职工收入决定中的分割效应不仅是存在的,而且仍有不断增强的趋势.这主要表现在沿海地区、直辖市与其他地区(包括中部、西部、东北地区)之间职工收入差距受到市场分割因素的影响出现了明显扩大的趋势.     

The role of corporate image and extension similarity in service brand extensions

In this article we examine the role of corporate image in extending service brands to new and traditional markets in the telecommunications sector. With regards to corporate image, service brand extensions are primarily associated with innovation-related attributes, such as order of entry (i.e., pioneers versus followers). Increasingly, firms are extending their services to markets that are beyond the markets that they traditionally have been active in. The results of an experimental study show that consumers evaluate service extensions by providers with an innovative late mover image more favourably that service extensions by companies with a pioneer image in terms of perceived corporate credibility and expected service quality. With regards to these evaluation criteria, it was also found that consumers prefer service brand extensions to related rather than unrelated markets. In addition we find that the relative distance between service providers with an innovative late mover image and pioneers is larger in related markets.