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Viren Swami Stefan Stieger Martin Voracek Stefan G. Dressler Laura Eisma Adrian Furnham 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):393-406
The Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) has recently been developed as a more complete measure for the assessment of molar subjective
happiness. In the present study, we report on the translation and validation of German and Tagalog versions of the SHS and
conduct an initial cross-cultural examination of subjective happiness. In Study 1, 960 participants in Austria completed a
German version of the SHS, which showed a unidimensional structure, good internal consistency, and good convergent validity
with other measures of subjective well-being. In Study 2, 182 participants in the Philippines completed a Tagalog version
of the scale, which likewise had a unidimensional structure, high internal consistency, and good convergent validity. Finally,
the results of Study 3 indicate that there were significant cross-cultural differences in subjective happiness. Specifically,
participants in individualist Austria and Britain had higher SHS scores than their counterparts in collectivist Malaysia and
the Philippines. Limitations of these studies are discussed. 相似文献
884.
The authors review the contribution of qualitative methods to exploring concepts and experiences of wellbeing among children
and adults living in developing countries. They provide examples illustrating the potential of these methods for gaining a
holistic and contextual understanding of people’s perceptions and experiences. Some of these come from Young Lives, an innovative
long-term international research project investigating the changing nature of child poverty in India, Ethiopia, Peru and Vietnam
(), and others from the Wellbeing in Developing Countries ESRC research group (WeD), an international, inter-disciplinary project
exploring the social and cultural construction of wellbeing in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Thailand (). The authors show how qualitative methods can be used both alongside and as part of the development of sensitive and relevant
quantitative measures, and provide some practical and methodological recommendations. They propose that qualitative approaches
are essential in understanding people’s experiences of wellbeing, both now and in the future. However, the authors caution
that while these offer many benefits, for example, a less structured and hierarchical engagement between researcher and participant;
they require time, energy, and sensitivity. Qualitative methods also work best when used by trained and experienced researchers
working in the local language/s in a community where some rapport has already been established. Finally, the paper recommends
combining data from qualitative and quantitative approaches (e.g. psychological measures or household surveys) to enhance
its explanatory power.
相似文献
Laura CamfieldEmail: |
885.
We consider density estimation for a smooth stationary process Xt, t∈R, based on a discrete sample Yi=XΔi, i=0,…,n=T/Δ. By a suitable interpolation scheme of order p , we augment data to form an approximation Xp,t, t∈[0,T], of the continuous-time process and base our density estimate on the augmented sample path. Our results show that this can improve the rate of convergence (measured in terms of n) of the density estimate. Among other things, this implies that recording n observations using a small Δ can be more efficient than recording n independent observations. 相似文献
886.
Sir Godfrey Thomson: a statistical pioneer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David J. Bartholomew Ian J. Deary Martin Lawn 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2009,172(2):467-482
Summary. Godfrey Thomson (1881–1955) was a leading figure in intelligence testing who made his name in that field first at Armstrong College, Newcastle, and then at the University of Edinburgh. In the course of his practical work he identified many theoretical problems which were essentially statistical in character. In particular, he used maximum likelihood estimation as early as 1919 and his statistical work largely set the course of modern factor analysis and related techniques. His statistical abilities were recognized, at different stages of his career, by both Karl Pearson and Sir Ronald Fisher. His key insight was to recognize the importance of Fisherian inference for the future of that subject. 相似文献
887.
William J. Browne Fiona Steele Mousa Golalizadeh Martin J. Green 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2009,172(3):579-598
Summary. We consider the application of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation methods to random-effects models and in particular the family of discrete time survival models. Survival models can be used in many situations in the medical and social sciences and we illustrate their use through two examples that differ in terms of both substantive area and data structure. A multilevel discrete time survival analysis involves expanding the data set so that the model can be cast as a standard multilevel binary response model. For such models it has been shown that MCMC methods have advantages in terms of reducing estimate bias. However, the data expansion results in very large data sets for which MCMC estimation is often slow and can produce chains that exhibit poor mixing. Any way of improving the mixing will result in both speeding up the methods and more confidence in the estimates that are produced. The MCMC methodological literature is full of alternative algorithms designed to improve mixing of chains and we describe three reparameterization techniques that are easy to implement in available software. We consider two examples of multilevel survival analysis: incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle and contraceptive use dynamics in Indonesia. For each application we show where the reparameterization techniques can be used and assess their performance. 相似文献
888.
Education,Work and Parenthood: Comparing the Experience of Young Men and Women in Sweden 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article analyzes the determinants of young men and women’s entry into parenthood, applying hazard regressions to a combination
of longitudinal micro-data from the 1992/1993 Swedish Family Survey and aggregate time-series data. We study the impact of education, labor market attachment and macro-economic change on becoming
a parent for both men and women in Sweden since the mid-1960s. Our results show clear gender differences both when it comes
to individual characteristics and aggregate-level factors. Even though the effects sometimes differed according to gender,
education and labor market attachment were key factors determining the transition to parenthood. Over time the pattern grew
increasingly similar for men and women. 相似文献
889.
Andy Ross Ingrid Schoon Peter Martin Amanda Sacker 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(1):1-14
The aim of this paper is to examine variations in the combination of social roles during times of social change. We specify a latent class approach to examine role configurations for individuals in their early 30s, establishing a typology of how work‐ and family‐related roles combine within individuals born 12 years apart and examine their antecedents. Drawing on data collected for two British Birth Cohorts born in 1958 (N = 10,706) and 1970 (N = 11,005), we provide empirical evidence of both consistency and change in life course patterns. Findings are discussed in terms of destandardization, differentiation, and individualization of the life course in times of social change and their implications for family research within a life course perspective. 相似文献
890.
Warren B. Miller Marjorie R. Sable Jonathon J. Beckmeyer 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(5):1174-1192
This research was designed to increase our understanding of how the motivational antecedents to childbearing and emotional responses to pregnancy affect the subsequent attachment bond of a toddler to his or her mother. Using a sample of 1,364 mothers and their newborns from the Study of Early Child Care, we tested a mother‐child influence framework hypothesized to mediate between the mother's preconception motivation and pregnancy wantedness and her child's security of attachment at 24 months. Almost all elements of the mediational sequence were confirmed in a structural equation model. We observed 2 unmediated pathways to attachment security, 1 from preconception motivation and 1 from parenting stress during infancy, and suggest interpretations of these unexpected pathways. 相似文献