Augmented likelihood for incorporating auxiliary information into left-truncated data

Lifetime Data Analysis - Time-to-event data are often subject to left-truncation. Lack of consideration of the sampling condition will introduce bias and loss in efficiency of the estimation. While...     

Using an evidence-based CBT group intervention model for adolescents with depressive symptoms: lessons learned from a school-based adaptation

This paper highlights the process of implementing and adapting an evidence-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) depression group intervention model for adolescents (ages 11–18) in two middle schools and one alternative high school in the USA. The paper describes the process of moving an evidence-based intervention from a clinic-based setting to a school-based setting by engaging in the following steps: (1) reviewing the literature and selecting the evidence-based intervention with the greatest chance of success in the school environment; (2) adapting the evidence-based intervention to address delivery issues in a school setting; (3) preparing social workers to deliver the evidence-based intervention with fidelity; (4) evaluating the fidelity and outcomes of the implementation of the evidence-based intervention; and (5) addressing issues of sustainability or continuous quality improvement of the evidence-based intervention. The paper concludes with a section on lessons learned from piloting an adaptation of an evidence-based intervention in a real world setting.     

Does Campus Diversity Promote Friendship Diversity? A Look at Interracial Friendships in College*

Objectives. One of the hopes of having diverse campus environments is that the daily interaction with students from different backgrounds will promote interracial understanding and friendship. However, it is not clear to what extent interactions and friendships are multiracial. This article examines the impact of college characteristics, social distance felt toward other groups, and precollege friendship diversity on the formation of interracial friendships in the first year of college. Methods. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen, I examine how college characteristics, social distance felt toward other groups, and precollege friendship diversity affects the formation of interracial friendships in the first year of college. Results. The results show that while precollege experiences and initial attitudes do have an impact on the formation of interracial friendship in college, campus racial/ethnic diversity is also important in predicting friendship heterogeneity. Minorities have higher predicted friendship diversity than whites, but this difference nearly disappears in the most diverse schools due to the interactive effects of school diversity on friendship diversity for white students. Conclusions. This research provides evidence of the social benefits of assembling a diverse student body, particularly for white students, and can add to the debate over the continuation of affirmative action policies.     

The Loss of the Protective Effects of Relationships of Incarcerated African American Men: Implications for Social Work

This article examines the loss of the protective effects of marital and non-marital relationships of incarcerated African American men, and the effects on their mental well-being. The unintended consequences of policies on African American men, their families and communities are discussed. The role of social work is evaluated, and research needs are identified.     

A League of Gentlemen: The Institute of the Motor Industry

The article first examines how a Victorian discourse of gentlemanliness has been used by the professions to support a claim to moral and intellectual superiority. In Bourdieusian terms, this allowed an emerging professional class to accumulate a stock of cultural capital that differentiated them from entrepreneurship and commerce. However, there has been dramatic increase in occupational groups claiming professional status. This includes the use of signifiers of gentility and respectability such as charters, coats of arms and prestigious headquarters. The particular artefacts produced by the Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI), a professional body that represents car dealers and repair shops, are examined and related to Theodor Adorno’s concept of the culture industry wherein social markers have become manufactured effects that can be exchanged. They have thus been emptied out of meaning as a claim to gentlemanly status has been reduced to the possession of certain objects rather than a set of particular behaviours.     

Online Social Interactions Predict Academic and Emotional Adjustment in the Transition to University

We investigated the developmental implications of online social interactions among 590 youth transitioning to university. We observed friends’ posts on participants’ Facebook pages, and considered attributes of friends’ posts used to indicate positive and negative relationship quality in face‐to‐face interactions. After statistical control of beginning‐of‐year functioning and participants’ Facebook content, Facebook friends’ deviant content posts (swearing; illegal/sexualized activities) predicted participants’ lower grade point average, Facebook friends’ posts indicating connection to participants predicted participants’ lower psychopathology, and Facebook friends’ verbal aggression posts predicted participants’ lower institutional attachment, by the end of the year. Negative effects of friends’ posts were strongest for participants who were disliked by peers face to face. The online context may uniquely influence youth adjustment in conjunction with face‐to‐face relationships.     

THE TRANSFORMATION FROM MULTIDIVISIONAL FORM TO CORPORATE GROUPS OF SUBSIDIARIES IN THE 1980s:

In the 1980s, the corporate form shifted from multidivisional forms to corporate groups of subsidiaries. Although many aspects of corporate change during the 1980s have been examined, the magnitude and nature of changes in corporate form have received relatively little attention. Moreover, this transformation of corporate form has been inadequately explained by the dominant theoretical perspectives on corporate form—managerialism, institutionalism, and agency theory. A new theory that incorporates dimensions of the existing perspectives is presented. This perspective maintains that corporate change occurs as a dialectical process, which in the 1980s involved a shift of corporate control from managers to owners, resulting from a crisis in the accumulation of capital in the corporation. After gaining control through institutional investments, owners insisted on greater return on their investments. Mergers and acquisitions transferred corporate capital from corporations, controlled by managers, to shareholders. The relative utility of this perspective compared to existing perspectives for explaining the transformation of corporate form in the 1980s is demonstrated, and hypotheses for understanding changes in corporate form in the 1990s are proposed.     

Child Temperament as a Mediator of Mother-Toddler Problem Solving*

This paper is concerned with the role of child temperament in regulating adult-child cognitive interaction. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether child temperament as rated by the mother at an earlier time relates to maternal guidance and partner involvement on a joint task at a later time. In Study 1, 26 2.5-year-old children and their mothers participated in joint problem solving followed by a child-only posttest involving related tasks. Children rated as having more difficult temperaments received more cognitive assistance and disapproval from their mothers, as well as greater involvement from them in more challenging aspects of the tasks. Temperament was not related to child involvement during the joint task nor to task performance during the interaction or on the posttest. In Study 2, another group of 26 2.5-year-old children and their mothers participated in joint problem solving using different tasks than in Study 1. Results from Study 2 replicate those of Study 1. Also, children rated as having more difficult temperaments performed more poorly on the individual posttest. Results support the suggestion that child temperament may mediate the cognitive opportunities that arise during parent-child collaboration and are discussed in relation to Vygotsky's notion of the zone of proximal development.     

Energizing the ordinary: Biographical work and the future in stroke recovery narratives

Historically, the life course has been constructed as an organized and linear temporal progression. This holds true in various disciplines from education, to psychology, to counseling. The foundation of a life unfolding through temporal categorizations is documented in textbooks and theories that straddle these disciplines as well as many others, including the sociology of health and illness, which has often conceptualized the illness experience as embedded in a recovery trajectory.Here, we take this to task. Using Gubrium and Holstein's [Sociol. Inq. 65 (1995) 207; Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J., (1997). The new language of qualitative method. New York: Oxford University Press] analytic vocabulary of biographical work, we analyze narratives of stroke survivors by emphasizing the ordinary resources used as discursive foundations for the narrative production of the future in illness. Ordinary resources focused on include God and spirituality, comorbidities, and activity and leisure. The discussion is embedded in overarching concerns with “healthy aging” in gerontology and geriatrics.