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271.
272.
Structure and composition of woody plants in urban forest remnants with different adjacent land-use and slope aspect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The plant community in the karst forest is influenced by mesoclimatic conditions, such as temperature and humidity and these
conditions are in turn influenced by topographic features. Urban areas adjacent to karstic forest remnants also have the potential
to influence mesoclimatic variables and may serve as a source of exotic species. We described the temperature and relative
humidity of karstic forest remnants at slopes with combinations of either southeast (SE) or northwest (NW) aspect, and adjacent
to either urban (URB) or secondary forest (SF). We also compared forest structure and composition on these slopes to understand
the interaction between forest aspect and adjacent land use on the plant community. URB-SE slopes had highest temperature
and lowest humidity among all adjacent land use-aspect combinations. Understory species in SE slopes had similar richness
and diversity independently of adjacent land use, however within NW aspect, slopes adjacent to urban areas showed higher values
than slopes adjacent secondary forest. Canopy trees species in slopes adjacent to secondary forest were more diverse and rich
in SE than in NW, although no differences between aspects were detected within URB-adjacent slopes. Understory species composition
was different among the four land use-aspect combinations. However, composition of canopy trees species was different only
between aspect types. Most exotic species in the sites were associated with previous agricultural practices and not with current
land use. Our results show a temporal and spatial influence of anthropogenic systems on the plant community in karstic forest
remnants at a suburban area of Puerto Rico. 相似文献
273.
Markéta Bačáková 《Intercultural Education》2011,22(2):163-175
All children in the Czech Republic have the legal right to primary education, regardless of nationality and legal status. This article is based on a study of refugee children and their educational situation. The study reveals that refugee students in the Czech Republic are not benefiting fully from this fundamental right and that their educational future is in jeopardy. The study identified six major barriers to full participation and educational benefits. Finally, a plan of action to overcome barriers is put forward. Key ingredients are effective information transfer among state agencies, non‐governmental organizations, parents, children and schools. 相似文献
274.
x
1, ..., x
n+r
can be treated as the sample values of a Markov chain of order r or less (chain in which the dependence extends over r+1 consecutive variables only), and consider the problem of testing the hypothesis H
0 that a chain of order r− 1 will be sufficient on the basis of the tools given by the Statistical Information Theory: ϕ-Divergences. More precisely, if p
a
1 .....,
a
r:
a
r
+1 denotes the transition probability for a r
th
order Markov chain, the hypothesis to be tested is
H
0:p
a
1 .....,
a
r:
a
r
+1 = p
a
2 .....,
a
r:
a
r
+1, a
i
∈{1, ..., s}, i = 1, ..., r + 1
The tests given in this paper, for the first time, will have as a particular case the likelihood ratio test and the test based
on the chi-squared statistic.
Received: August 3, 1998; revised version: November 25, 1999 相似文献
275.
In a previous paper, we established necessary and sufficient conditions for a given binary fuzzy relation to be representable
by a utility function. In this article, we construct a crisp order topology associated to a given weakly complete fuzzy pre-order
and introduce the notion of “continuous fuzzy pre-order.” We show that this new condition and the conditions introduced in
the previous paper are together necessary and sufficient for a numerical representation of a given weakly complete fuzzy pre-order
by a continuous utility function. 相似文献
276.
Given a graph G=(V,E), two players, Alice and Bob, alternate their turns in choosing uncoloured vertices to be coloured. Whenever an uncoloured vertex is chosen, it is coloured by the least positive integer not used by any of its coloured neighbours. Alice’s goal is to minimise the total number of colours used in the game, and Bob’s goal is to maximise it. The game Grundy number of G is the number of colours used in the game when both players use optimal strategies. It is proved in this paper that the maximum game Grundy number of forests is 3, and the game Grundy number of any partial 2-tree is at most 7. 相似文献
277.
C. B. García J. García Pérez J. R. van Dorp 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2011,20(4):463-486
A prevalence of heavy-tailed, peaked and skewed uncertainty phenomena have been cited in literature dealing with economic,
physics, and engineering data. This fact has invigorated the search for continuous distributions of this nature. In this paper
we shall generalize the two-sided framework presented in Kotz and van Dorp (Beyond beta: other continuous families of distributions
with bounded support and applications. World Scientific Press, Singapore, 2004) for the construction of families of distributions with bounded support via a mixture technique utilizing two generating
densities instead of one. The family of Elevated Two-Sided Power (ETSP) distributions is studied as an instance of this generalized
framework. Through a moment ratio diagram comparison, we demonstrate that the ETSP family allows for a remarkable flexibility
when modeling heavy-tailed and peaked, but skewed, uncertainty phenomena. We shall demonstrate its applicability via an illustrative
example utilizing 2008 US income data. 相似文献
278.
Patrick Bollé 《Revue Internationale du Travail》2008,147(4):475-481
Cette note présente la nouvelle publication annuelle de l'Institut international d'études sociales de l'OIT, le Rapport mondial sur le travail 2008, dont le thème est les inégalités de revenu à l'épreuve de la mondialisation financière. Cette publication tombe à point nommé au moment où l'on s'inquiète de l'ampleur, de la durée et des conséquences économiques et sociales de la crise financière. Le rapport traite des déterminants de l'accroissement des inégalités de revenu, et de ses liens avec la mon‐dialisation financière, les institutions du marché du travail, les emplois – création et caractéristiques –, et les politiques de redistribution. 相似文献
279.
This paper provides an analysis of the Minimal Overlap Rule, a solution for bankruptcy problems introduced by O’Neill (1982). We point out that this rule can be understood as a composition
of Ibn Ezra’s proposal and the recommendation given by the Constrained Equal Loss Rule. Following an interpretation of bankruptcy problems in terms of TU games, we show that the Minimal Overlap Value is the unique solution for bankruptcy games which satisfies Anonymity and Core Transition Responsiveness. 相似文献
280.