‘Gone,leave, go,move, vanish’: race,public space and (in)visibilities

This chapter is a discussion of the various ways Canadian-born young men of colour (aged 17–26) experience (in)visibilities in the public spaces of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). I begin this chapter by analyzing the different ways ‘visibility’ and ‘invisibility’ have been conceptualized in the scholarly literature, including literatures on homelessness, public space, and race. Invisibilities include ‘invisible homelessness’ as well as material invisibilities in which young men of colour both purposefully and accidentally navigate public spaces in ways that affect whether they are seen or unseen and by whom. This research emphasizes the contingency and indeterminacy of varying (in)visibilities. Despite the various ways they move between visibility and invisibility in public spaces, young men of colour experiencing homelessness maintain an explicit presence in urban street spaces. Understanding their experiences of (in)visibility in urban space helps us understand the geographies of race and racism in the GTA and in North American cities more broadly.     

Properties of simultaneous confidence intervals for multinomial proportions

Inversion of Pearson's chi-square statistic yields a confidence ellipsoid that can be used for simultaneous inference concerning multinomial proportions. Because the ellipsoid is difficult to interpret, methods of simultaneous confidence interval construction have been proposed by Quesenberry and hurst,goodman,fitzpatrick and scott and sison and glaz . Based on simulation results, we discuss the performance of these methods in terms of empirical coverage probabilities and enclosed volume. None of the methods is uniformly better than all others, but the Goodman intervals control the empirical coverage probability with smaller volume than other methods when the sample size supports the large sample theory. If the expected cell counts are small and nearly equal across cells, we recommend the sison and glaz intervals.