Personal Mastery and Psychological Well-Being Among Young Grandmothers

This study examined the association between relationship quality, personal mastery, and psychological well-being among 83 young Black and White American grandmothers in families with teenage mothers. Interviews were conducted during the early stages of adaptation to grandparenthood due to the birth of a baby to a teenage daughter. Findings indicated that the effects of the mother–daughter relationship are mediated through mastery. When grandmothers feel a sense of mastery, the conflict with the teenage mother is not as detrimental to their psychological health. Findings are discussed in the context of developing supportive services for grandmothers in families with teenage mothers.     

试论北方少数民族生殖崇拜的萨满教根基

中国少数民族中较常见的生殖崇拜现象往往和萨满教的性神秘观相关。在萨满教神话、仪式以及萨满教巫术操作过程中几乎都有一些与性有关的内容。在萨满教观念中,性器是一个富有巫术力量的神秘器官。在北方民族萨满教后期发展中,生殖崇拜和祖先崇拜往往结伴而行     

Victims,villains or victors: The impact of serials automation on a library organization

Perceptive readers may have observed, and regretted, the absence of any discussion of card catalog closings, abolition of serials departments, changes in clerical procedures, or minutiae or any of the other concrete details of library operations so dear to the hearts of us all. The craft of serials management has scarcely been mentioned. Those topics discussed — the nature of organizational change, influencing change, communication, planning for the optimum impact of automation and for flexibility throughout the development and implementation phases — are concepts difficult to introduce into the pragmatic world of libraries. It is difficult to identify causes, to predict effects, and to deal with them. These are, however, critical elements in the success or failure of a serials automation project and a library administration which addresses these issues will manage the changes brought about by automation rather than passively submitting to its consequences.     

Bias in Small-Sample Inference With Count-Data Models

Abstract

Both Poisson and negative binomial regression can provide quasi-likelihood estimates for coefficients in exponential-mean models that are consistent in the presence of distributional misspecification. It has generally been recommended, however, that inference be carried out using asymptotically robust estimators for the parameter covariance matrix. As with linear models, such robust inference tends to lead to over-rejection of null hypotheses in small samples. Alternative methods for estimating coefficient estimator variances are considered. No one approach seems to remove all test bias, but the results do suggest that the use of the jackknife with Poisson regression tends to be least biased for inference.     

Till Death Do Us Part: Testamentary Manumission in Seventeenth-Century Lima,Peru

This article joins a long-standing conversation among slavery scholars regarding the tensions that emerged from the legal status of slaves as property and as persons. This feature of quasi-personhood and property was perhaps most pronounced in the testamentary devise of freedom granted by slave owners. Posthumous bequests of freedom simultaneously recognised the property rights of the deceased in human beings, while validating the affective ties of loyalty and devotion spawned by the master–slave relationship. The article traces the efforts of Margarita de Torres, an enslaved woman, who waged a nine-year lawsuit for her freedom against the executrices of her owner's estate. In so doing, the article analyses Margarita's motivations for embarking on a protracted and costly lawsuit, given the odds in favour of, and against, slaves seeking to enforce testamentary promises of manumission in seventeenth-century Lima. More broadly, the article explores the affective relationships between owners and slaves, the conditions that accompanied testamentary freedom and the complexities that arose with the legal treatment of enslaved offspring of free fathers.     

Has WARN warned? The impact of advance-notice legislation on the receipt of advance notice

The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 requires large employers to provide sixty days of written notice to affected employees prior to a plant closing or large-scale layoff. We use individual-level data from the 1990 Displaced Worker Survey to measure the extent to which the provision of advance notice changed after the Act was implemented in early 1989. Surprisingly, the Act appears to have had virtually no impact on the provision of advance notice of the length mandated by the law.     

沈宝基与法国革命诗歌译介

法国革命诗歌在中国的介与传播 ,曾极大地鼓舞中国人民的革命斗争。在众多的译者中 ,沈宝基是译介得最多、译品质量最高的翻译家之一。本文简略地介绍了沈先生在《国际歌》、《马赛区》贝郎瑞革命歌谣和巴黎公社诗歌汉译方面的杰出贡献与译介特点。     

Increasing breastfeeding rates among African-American women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants, and Children: application of Social Cognitive Theory

Breastfeeding offers tremendous health benefits to both child and mother. In spite of these many benefits, current rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity among African-American women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are lower than rates of other ethnic groups. The decision to breastfeed is complicated, and strategies are needed to increase breastfeeding rates among these women. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) offers hope for understanding these complicated decisions and for developing strategies to overcome this problem. The purpose of this paper is to explore the literature and develop strategies based on SCT to increase breastfeeding among African-American women enrolled in WIC.