全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19229篇 |
免费 | 344篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 2773篇 |
民族学 | 69篇 |
人才学 | 1篇 |
人口学 | 1866篇 |
丛书文集 | 76篇 |
教育普及 | 2篇 |
理论方法论 | 1715篇 |
现状及发展 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 257篇 |
社会学 | 9285篇 |
统计学 | 3529篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 112篇 |
2020年 | 274篇 |
2019年 | 374篇 |
2018年 | 437篇 |
2017年 | 599篇 |
2016年 | 472篇 |
2015年 | 347篇 |
2014年 | 456篇 |
2013年 | 2983篇 |
2012年 | 630篇 |
2011年 | 608篇 |
2010年 | 443篇 |
2009年 | 369篇 |
2008年 | 441篇 |
2007年 | 458篇 |
2006年 | 452篇 |
2005年 | 438篇 |
2004年 | 401篇 |
2003年 | 375篇 |
2002年 | 417篇 |
2001年 | 519篇 |
2000年 | 529篇 |
1999年 | 461篇 |
1998年 | 339篇 |
1997年 | 310篇 |
1996年 | 321篇 |
1995年 | 302篇 |
1994年 | 283篇 |
1993年 | 288篇 |
1992年 | 342篇 |
1991年 | 316篇 |
1990年 | 286篇 |
1989年 | 290篇 |
1988年 | 288篇 |
1987年 | 250篇 |
1986年 | 243篇 |
1985年 | 277篇 |
1984年 | 266篇 |
1983年 | 250篇 |
1982年 | 215篇 |
1981年 | 180篇 |
1980年 | 164篇 |
1979年 | 194篇 |
1978年 | 176篇 |
1977年 | 159篇 |
1976年 | 134篇 |
1975年 | 157篇 |
1974年 | 118篇 |
1973年 | 115篇 |
1972年 | 93篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
Engel JJ 《Physician executive》1995,21(2):30-33
This paper reviews the standards of practice, regulations, and guidelines that govern gastrointestinal endoscopy and their effect on space and equipment, staff and physician quality of care, and educational programs. It also examines how all these considerations have affected the growth of an endoscopy center and describes the processes that have been instituted to ensure compliance with all relevant standards, regulations, and guidelines. 相似文献
252.
Casebolt JM 《Physician executive》1995,21(10):30-31
The literature is replete with theoretical discussions of medical quality management, particularly of the measurement of quality in the health care setting. While there is a growing body of knowledge on both quality and its measurement, this author questions whether medical quality can ever be quantified. He says that the concept of quality is still a moving target, so that the value of attempts at quantification can only be short-lived. 相似文献
253.
Oucho JO 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》1995,33(3-4):391-434
This examination of emigration dynamics focuses on 13 countries extending from Eritrea to Zimbabwe and Mozambique on the eastern African mainland and on 5 Indian Ocean island nations. The first part of the study looks at the temporal, spatial, and structural perspectives of emigration dynamics. Part 2 considers international migration in the region according to Appleyard's typology (permanent settlers, labor migration, refugees, and illegal migrants) with the additional category of return migration. Measurement issues in emigration dynamics are discussed in part 3, and the demographic/economic setting is the topic of part 4. The demographic factors emphasized include spatial distribution, population density, population structure, population dynamics, demographic transition, and the relationship between internal and international migration. Other major topics of this section of the study are the economic base, the human resource base, population and natural resources, the sociocultural context (emigration, chain migration, return migration, and migration linkages and networks), political factors (including human rights, minority rights and security, regional integration and economic cooperation, and the impact of structural adjustment programs), and a prediction of future emigration dynamics. It is concluded that refugee flows remain a major factor in eastern African countries but the development of human resources in the northern portion of the region indicates development of potential labor migration from this area. Data constraints have limited measurement of emigration in this region and may contribute to the seeming indifference of most eastern African countries to emigration policies. Emigration in this region has been triggered by deteriorating economic and political conditions and is expected to increase. 相似文献
254.
Oucho JO 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》1995,33(1):31-53
International migration in eastern and southern Africa (ESA) is rarely addressed in population and development policies or regional organizations, and regional organizations must in the articulation of sustainable shared development identify the role of international migration. Poor quality data on international migration hampers analysis. Sustainable, shared, and human development within the region are subregional issues. Permanent migration is characterized among ESA countries as increasing demographic ethnic pluralism that may result in redrawing of territorial boundaries and further population movement. Portuguese and Arab settlement and integration in eastern areas resulted in coexistence, while European immigration to South Africa resulted in racial segregation. Modern colonial settlement and the aftermath of political conflict resulted in independent countries after the 1960s and outmigration of nonAfrican groups. Much of the labor migration in ESA is unskilled workers moving to South African mining regions. Labor migration to Zimbabwe and Zambia declined after the 1960s. The formation of the Common Market for ESA and the potential merger with the Preferential Trade Area and South African Development Community is a key approach to integration of migration into regional cooperation and shared development. Refugee movements create the most problems. Prior to 1992 ESA countries accounted for 83.4% of refugees, particularly in Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Some countries blame poor economic performance on the deluge of refugees. Illegal migration is currently detected because of the required work permits, but the adoption of the Common Market would obscure this phenomenon. Human development is affected most by migrations related to drought, labor migration to strong economic areas, and return migration. The Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development needs to become more active and establish better policies on nomadic and refugee movements and displaced populations. Movement of educated populations to countries lacking in trained and skilled human resources is a future challenge. Strategies of immigration should facilitate economic development. 相似文献
255.
256.
257.
258.
This article reviews scientific and other literature during the 1990s that links migration and mobility with the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV/AIDS. The focus is on key population groups linked to the spread of HIV and STDs in West and Central Africa: migrant laborers, truck drivers, itinerant traders, commercial sex workers (CSWs), and refugees. Countries with high emigration and immigration tend to have high levels of HIV infection, with the exception of Senegal. The main destination of immigrants are Senegal, Nigeria, and Cote d'Ivoire in West Africa and Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, and Congo in Central Africa. The risk of infection and the spread of HIV is variable among migrants. There is little in the literature that substantiates hypotheses about the strong association between migration and HIV-positive status. Information is needed on the duration, frequency of return visits, living conditions, sexual activities with multiple partners, and information before departure, along the routes, at final destination, and at the time of returns. Action-based research in five West African countries (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Senegal) should produce results in late 1998. Comparable studies in Central Africa are unknown. Regional studies should be complemented by local studies. Prevention would benefit from studies on the relative size of these five population groups by geographic location. 相似文献
259.
260.
This study assessed the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of single items from the Assessment and Action Record (AAR), from Looking After Children (Ward, 1995). It also compared developmental outcomes of 43 children cared for by a Canadian child welfare agency and those of an approximate comparison group of 1,600 children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Statistics Canada, 1995). High and low reliability and validity were found for different AAR items. The children in care had worse outcomes than the comparison children on indicators of educational success and negative behaviour, but not on measures of identity, social and family relationships, or prosocial behaviour. 相似文献