论银行监管的目标

本文在对银行监管目标研究成果进行总结的基础上,提出银行监管目标体系论,指出银行监管的目标由终极目标、中间目标和具体目标组成,特别强调银行监管的根本目的是提高银行配置资金和转移资源的效率,促进经济发展.当前我国银行监管应建立目标体系观,增强对银行效率的关注.     

Critical appraisal of Bayesian dynamic borrowing from an imperfectly commensurate historical control

Bayesian dynamic borrowing designs facilitate borrowing information from historical studies. Historical data, when perfectly commensurate with current data, have been shown to reduce the trial duration and the sample size, while inflation in the type I error and reduction in the power have been reported, when imperfectly commensurate. These results, however, were obtained without considering that Bayesian designs are calibrated to meet regulatory requirements in practice and even no‐borrowing designs may use information from historical data in the calibration. The implicit borrowing of historical data suggests that imperfectly commensurate historical data may similarly impact no‐borrowing designs negatively. We will provide a fair appraiser of Bayesian dynamic borrowing and no‐borrowing designs. We used a published selective adaptive randomization design and real clinical trial setting and conducted simulation studies under varying degrees of imperfectly commensurate historical control scenarios. The type I error was inflated under the null scenario of no intervention effect, while larger inflation was noted with borrowing. The larger inflation in type I error under the null setting can be offset by the greater probability to stop early correctly under the alternative. Response rates were estimated more precisely and the average sample size was smaller with borrowing. The expected increase in bias with borrowing was noted, but was negligible. Using Bayesian dynamic borrowing designs may improve trial efficiency by stopping trials early correctly and reducing trial length at the small cost of inflated type I error.     

利益依归:九一八事变后,英国远东政策演变(1931-1933)——以英国内阁文件为中心的分析

九一八事变后,中国在外交上选择诉诸国联.作为国联领袖的英国不愿认真履行《国联盟约》义务.英国以利益为取向,在远东政策上采取了选择性的应对策略:与己利益相关则积极干预,否则就消极推诿,甚至有时表现出纵容、支持日本侵华.不过,英国的这种反应并非纯粹的袒护日本或纯粹的依据九一八事变的事实支持中国,而是以其根本利益为着力点,不断转换.通过对英国内阁文件的解读,来观察英国政府决策层在九一八事变至1933年初对日本侵华的应对举措及其不同阶段的变化情况.     

由“气格”到“气韵”：宋代诗学尚“气”的两种范式

宋代诗学崇尚一种刚大之“气”,这与宋代尚“气”的士风有关。宋初欧阳修等人面对晚唐五代的衰靡而矫厉士风,当时的诗风崇尚一种雄健豪迈的“气格”,追求一种波澜阔大的气势,但容易失之于诗艺上的粗疏;北宋中后期以后,士风转向深沉内敛,诗学转而以“气韵”为高,将刚健之气内蕴于瘦硬的句律之中。苏轼、黄庭坚所代表的这两种诗风正是宋代诗学尚“气”的两种范式。     

高含量石粉机制砂对隧道二衬混凝土性能影响试验研究

随着混凝土用量急速增长,必将引起天然砂的过量开采,对自然环境造成破坏,如何正确使用机制砂替代河砂成为混凝土行业可持续发展的必然趋势。针对云南地区隧道二衬混凝土处于侵蚀环境特点,以拟配C40混凝土为研究对象,在胶凝材用量、水胶比、砂率均相同的条件下,分别掺入0%、15%、25%、35%、45%和55%的机制砂等量替代天然砂,研究不同的机制砂替代率下混凝土的工作性能和力学性能的变化规律,从而找到适用于隧道二衬混凝土的机制砂最佳替代率为35%左右,在该掺量下混凝土的工作和力学性能均有好的发挥。     

城市空间符号意涵功能分野——天津市和平路商业街与鼓楼商业街的比较

一、研究目的 和平路商业街和鼓楼商业街是天津两条颇具特色的商业街,是时间与历史积淀的产物,代表了两种不同的文化底蕴.     

Where is the British national press?1

Although globalization has highlighted the danger of conflating state, society and nation, sociologists remain insufficiently alert to such banal nationalism. Newspapers offer a strong test case of the extent of diversity in the construction of state, national and social boundaries, since Billig and Anderson have argued they comprise a special case where their orientation to an audience simultaneously located in a state, society and nation allows them to reproduce a sense of national identity. However, despite the commonsense obviousness of the term, it proves remarkably difficult to define what the 'British national press' might comprise. Circulation density of titles varies substantially across different parts of the UK and editorial copy is altered to address diverse 'national' readerships. 'British' newspapers also circulate in other states, especially the Republic of Ireland. After reviewing how newspapers might be defined as 'national' and/or 'British', we conclude that both Anderson and Billig over-estimate the congruence, relevance and obviousness of state, society and national boundaries. If the conceptualization of such boundaries is problematic in the case of the press, it follows that it must be still more so for most other objects of sociological analysis, including that of 'society' itself.     

宋代官田契约租佃制及地租选择的经济学意义

租佃制发展至宋代,契约租佃显著增加,而租佃官田并不需要与官府签订契约,但是,宋代在官田租佃经营过程中出现诸多的"赁约"、"户帖"等类似的"契约",其中缘由值得探讨.并且,宋代"系官田产"上"定额租"和"分成租"的不同选择颇具经济学意义.     

辽宁人的低碳贡献·环保篇

<正>辽宁治污下狠手专项整治51家小钢厂出局去年初,在辽宁省政府的统一领导下,由省环保部门牵头,会同省发改委、经信委、工商局、东北电监局、监察厅、安监局、建设厅、司法厅等各部门,成立了     

The Impact of Poverty on Children and Young People’s Use of Services

This article describes a qualitative study exploring the impact of poverty on children’s access to and use of services, which took a comparative approach to gather the views of children from more and less affluent households. Findings suggest affordability and related factors including limited mobility constrained service use for less affluent children, resulting in cumulative missed opportunities. However, extended family, friends and agencies facilitated service access, mitigating the impact of poverty on service use to some extent. Research implications include the importance of listening to and taking account of the views of children from lower income families in service planning.