全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8816篇 |
免费 | 188篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 1464篇 |
民族学 | 73篇 |
人才学 | 2篇 |
人口学 | 735篇 |
丛书文集 | 53篇 |
理论方法论 | 954篇 |
综合类 | 89篇 |
社会学 | 4466篇 |
统计学 | 1168篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 65篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 56篇 |
2020年 | 156篇 |
2019年 | 236篇 |
2018年 | 221篇 |
2017年 | 317篇 |
2016年 | 244篇 |
2015年 | 224篇 |
2014年 | 232篇 |
2013年 | 1526篇 |
2012年 | 295篇 |
2011年 | 355篇 |
2010年 | 258篇 |
2009年 | 219篇 |
2008年 | 271篇 |
2007年 | 301篇 |
2006年 | 251篇 |
2005年 | 250篇 |
2004年 | 250篇 |
2003年 | 217篇 |
2002年 | 262篇 |
2001年 | 204篇 |
2000年 | 175篇 |
1999年 | 154篇 |
1998年 | 123篇 |
1997年 | 124篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 113篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 111篇 |
1992年 | 97篇 |
1991年 | 100篇 |
1990年 | 91篇 |
1989年 | 90篇 |
1988年 | 108篇 |
1987年 | 95篇 |
1986年 | 67篇 |
1985年 | 68篇 |
1984年 | 96篇 |
1983年 | 95篇 |
1982年 | 74篇 |
1981年 | 74篇 |
1980年 | 65篇 |
1979年 | 65篇 |
1978年 | 64篇 |
1977年 | 49篇 |
1976年 | 55篇 |
1975年 | 48篇 |
1974年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有9004条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Peltzman [Peltzman, S., 1984. Constituent interest and congressional voting. Journal of Law and Economics 27, 181–210] argues that if constituents’ economic interests have well-defined “winners and losers” and are appropriately measured, then constituents’ economic interests, and not legislator ideology, are the most important determinates of legislator voting. We test Peltzman's theory by examining senatorial voting on three mandated spending limitation bills. We find, consistent with Peltzman's theory, that the ratio of federal spending in a senator's state to federal taxes paid by that state, and not a senator's personal ideology, matters on legislation where there are well-defined economic “winners and losers.” This is particularly important because unlike other constituents’ economic interest measures that only impact a fraction of the constituency, the ratio of federal spending to federal taxes in a state represents the economic interests of all the constituents in a state. 相似文献
62.
James S. Jackson Ivy Forsythe-Brown Ishtar O. Govia 《The Journal of social issues》2007,63(4):729-743
Immigration is contributing to the U.S. population becoming increasingly ethnically diverse. This article examines the role of family relations and well-being among different generations of Black Caribbean immigrants. Family disruptions, such as migration, can have complex effects on the support networks and emotional well-being of family members. Data from a recently completed national study of American Blacks in the United States, however, reveal significant similarities across ancestry and immigrant status in family contact, solidarity and well-being. It is concluded that intrafamilial relations may serve to overcome barriers of geographical distance in providing comparable levels of contact, solidarity, and well-being for both U.S.-born and immigrant Black Caribbean family members of different generations. Because of the increasing numbers of immigrant elders, these sources of family support will become increasingly more important in bridging the gaps between government resources and needed assistance in an aging society. 相似文献
63.
The importance of women on the bench and the influence of gender on judicial decision making has garnered much scholarly attention. We examine the voting behavior of male and female justices in 718 Fourth Amendment search and seizure votes cast on state Supreme Courts between 1980 and 2000. We find that women justices, controlling for institutional, political, and legal constraints, are more likely to rule in favor of the criminal defendant than their male brethren in cases decided after 1991 but not before. We also find women justices serving with female colleagues are more inclined to render liberal votes. We conclude the influence of gender may be evident in a wider variety of cases than those dealing with women's lives but that this influence is dependent upon the existence of a critical mass of women on the state court benches. 相似文献
64.
Alfred DeMaris Michael L. Benson Greer L. Fox Terrence Hill Judy Van Wyk 《Journal of marriage and the family》2003,65(3):652-667
We employed 4,095 couples from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to test a model of couple violence drawn from several theoretical perspectives. The outcome distinguishes among nonviolent couples and those experiencing either physical aggression or intense male violence. According to the model, background characteristics of couples are related to relationship stressors, which affect the risk of violence via their tendency to promote verbal conflict. Considerable support for the model was found. Couples were at higher risk for one or both forms of violence if they were younger at union inception, had been together for less time, were both in their first union, had only one partner who was employed, had a nontraditional woman paired with a traditional man, had at least one partner who abused substances, had more children, had more frequent disagreements, exhibited a more hostile disagreement style, or lived in an economically disadvantaged neighborhood. Moreover, the effects of stressors such as the number of children and couples' employment status disparities appear to be mediated by disagreement frequency and disagreement style. 相似文献
65.
James P. McDermott G. Jogesh Babu John C. Liechty Dennis K. J. Lin 《Statistics and Computing》2007,17(4):311-321
We consider the problem of density estimation when the data is in the form of a continuous stream with no fixed length. In
this setting, implementations of the usual methods of density estimation such as kernel density estimation are problematic.
We propose a method of density estimation for massive datasets that is based upon taking the derivative of a smooth curve
that has been fit through a set of quantile estimates. To achieve this, a low-storage, single-pass, sequential method is proposed
for simultaneous estimation of multiple quantiles for massive datasets that form the basis of this method of density estimation.
For comparison, we also consider a sequential kernel density estimator. The proposed methods are shown through simulation
study to perform well and to have several distinct advantages over existing methods. 相似文献
66.
67.
It is well known that the unimodal maximum likelihood estimator of a density is consistent everywhere but at the mode. The authors review various ways to solve this problem and propose a new estimator that is concave over an interval containing the mode; this interval may be chosen by the user or through an algorithm. The authors show how to implement their solution and compare it to other approaches through simulations. They show that the new estimator is consistent everywhere and determine its rate of convergence in the Hellinger metric. 相似文献
68.
Michael Waldman 《Economic inquiry》2003,41(1):27-41
A firm deciding on its promotion practices will be concerned both with the efficient assignment of workers to tasks and with rewarding prior performance. This can result in a time-inconsistency problem because the promotion rule that is optimal at the time of the promotion decision may differ from the rule that is optimal before performance is determined. In this article I explore the role of time inconsistency in determining promotion practices. In particular, I show that the common practice of favoring internal candidates for promotion can be understood as a response by firms to the problem of time inconsistency. 相似文献
69.
The probability of illness caused by very low doses of pathogens cannot generally be tested due to the numbers of subjects that would be needed, though such assessments of illness dose response are needed to evaluate drinking water standards. A predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment method was proposed previously to assess the unconditional probability of illness from available information and avoid the inconsistencies of confidence-based approaches. However, the method uses knowledge of the conditional dose-response form, and this form is not well established for the illness endpoint. A conditional parametric dose-response function for gastroenteric illness is proposed here based on simple numerical models of self-organized host-pathogen systems and probabilistic arguments. In the models, illnesses terminate when the host evolves by processes of natural selection to a self-organized critical value of wellness. A generalized beta-Poisson illness dose-response form emerges for the population as a whole. Use of this form is demonstrated in a predictive Bayesian dose-response assessment for cryptosporidiosis. Results suggest that a maximum allowable dose of 5.0 x 10(-7) oocysts/exposure (e.g., 2.5 x 10(-7) oocysts/L water) would correspond with the original goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Surface Water Treatment Rule, considering only primary illnesses resulting from Poisson-distributed pathogen counts. This estimate should be revised to account for non-Poisson distributions of Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water and total response, considering secondary illness propagation in the population. 相似文献
70.
We propose four different GMM estimators that allow almost consistent estimation of the structural parameters of panel probit models with fixed effects for the case of small Tand large N. The moments used are derived for each period from a first order approximation of the mean of the dependent variable conditional on explanatory variables and on the fixed effect. The estimators differ w.r.t. the choice of instruments and whether they use trimming to reduce the bias or not. In a Monte Carlo study, we compare these estimators with pooled probit and conditional logit estimators for different data generating processes. The results show that the proposed estimators outperform these competitors in several situations. 相似文献