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21.
An objective of randomized placebo-controlled preventive HIV vaccine efficacy (VE) trials is to assess the relationship between vaccine effects to prevent HIV acquisition and continuous genetic distances of the exposing HIVs to multiple HIV strains represented in the vaccine. The set of genetic distances, only observed in failures, is collectively termed the ‘mark.’ The objective has motivated a recent study of a multivariate mark-specific hazard ratio model in the competing risks failure time analysis framework. Marks of interest, however, are commonly subject to substantial missingness, largely due to rapid post-acquisition viral evolution. In this article, we investigate the mark-specific hazard ratio model with missing multivariate marks and develop two inferential procedures based on (i) inverse probability weighting (IPW) of the complete cases, and (ii) augmentation of the IPW estimating functions by leveraging auxiliary data predictive of the mark. Asymptotic properties and finite-sample performance of the inferential procedures are presented. This research also provides general inferential methods for semiparametric density ratio/biased sampling models with missing data. We apply the developed procedures to data from the HVTN 502 ‘Step’ HIV VE trial. 相似文献
22.
Cox's partial likelihood for censored time-to-event data can be interpreted as a permutation probability, whereby covariate values are permuted to the observed times-to-event and censoring times. This interpretation facilitates a simple method for jointly generating times-to-event and covariate tuples with considerable flexibility, including time dependence of the hazard ratio and specification of both the marginal time-to-event and covariate distributions. This interpretation also facilitates a method for semi-parametric bootstrapping of hazard ratio estimators. 相似文献
23.
This paper presents a new measure for assessing quality of life (QOL) –the Multidimensional Quality of Life (MQOL)– and describes
its derivation, characteristics, structure and several applications. Reasons for developing the MQOL include the restricted
range of assessed domains and the heavy emphasis on health in many standard assessment tools. The MQOL was derived by meaning
probes into QOL in different samples. It is a 60-item self-report tool of high reliability and validity covering various themes
and forming, in line with factor and cluster analyses, 17 scales that constitute five factors according to confirmatory factor
analysis. It has been applied with thousands of individuals, in English, Hebrew, Russian and Arabic, and is adequate for healthy
and physically or mentally sick individuals, under regular or challenging circumstances. Described studies present findings
in samples of sick or healthy individuals (e.g., unemployed, members of a collapsing Kibbutz); relations between the MQOL
and coping strategies in partners of sick individuals; and interrelations of overall and scale scores in new and old immigrants.
Conclusions focus on the structure of the MQOL, the specificity of coping effects, and the stabilizing mechanisms of QOL. 相似文献
24.
Markers, which are prognostic longitudinal variables, can be used to replace some of the information lost due to right censoring. They may also be used to remove or reduce bias due to informative censoring. In this paper, the authors propose novel methods for using markers to increase the efficiency of log‐rank tests and hazard ratio estimation, as well as parametric estimation. They propose a «plug‐in» methodology that consists of writing the test statistic or estimate of interest as a functional of Kaplan–Meier estimators. The latter are then replaced by an efficient estimator of the survival curve that incorporates information from markers. Using simulations, the authors show that the resulting estimators and tests can be up to 30% more efficient than the usual procedures, provided that the marker is highly prognostic and that the frequency of censoring is high. 相似文献
25.
Michal Grinstein‐Weiss Min Zhan Michael Sherraden 《Journal of marriage and the family》2006,68(1):192-204
Research indicates that marriage has a large effect on reducing the risk of poverty and is associated with a higher probability of attaining affluence over the life course when compared with nonmarriage. Using data from the American Dream Demonstration (N =2,364), this study compares savings performances of married and unmarried low‐income participants in a matched savings program—Individual Development Accounts. The results indicate that both married and unmarried low‐income participants can save in Individual Development Accounts. After controlling for program and other participant characteristics, there were no significant differences in savings between married and unmarried participants. We further examined possible factors that are associated with Individual Development Account savings performance for these two groups. 相似文献
26.
Abdissa?NegassaEmail author Antonio?Ciampi Michal?Abrahamowicz Stanley?Shapiro Jean-Fran?ois?Boivin 《Statistics and Computing》2005,15(3):231-239
The performance of computationally inexpensive model selection criteria in the context of tree-structured subgroup analysis is investigated. It is shown through simulation that no single model selection criterion exhibits a uniformly superior performance over a wide range of scenarios. Therefore, a two-stage approach for model selection is proposed and shown to perform satisfactorily. Applied example of subgroup analysis is presented. Problems associated with tree-structured subgroup analysis are discussed and practical solutions are suggested. 相似文献
27.
Heidi Preis Michal Eisner Rony Chen Yael Benyamini 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(1):e110-e117
Problem
Birth preferences, such as mode and place of birth and other birth options, have important individual and societal implications, yet few studies have investigated the mechanism which predicts a wide range of childbirth options simultaneously.Background
Basic beliefs about birth as a natural and as a medical process are both predictive factors for childbirth preferences. Studies investigating birth beliefs, preferences, and actual birth are rare.Aim
To test a predictive model of how these beliefs translate into birth preferences and into actual birth related-options.Methods
Longitudinal observational study including 342 first-time expectant mothers recruited at women’s health centres and natural birth communities in Israel. All women filled out questionnaires including basic birth beliefs and preferred birth options. Two months postpartum, they filled out a questionnaire including detailed questions regarding actual birth.Findings
Stronger beliefs about birth being natural were related to preferring a more natural place and mode of birth and preferring more natural birth-related options. Stronger beliefs about birth being medical were associated with opposite options. The preferences mediated the association between the birth beliefs and actual birth. The beliefs predicted the preferences better than they predicted actual birth.Discussion
Birth beliefs are pivotal in the decision-making process regarding preferred and actual birth options. In a medicalized obstetric system, where natural birth is something women need to actively seek out and insist on, the predictive powers of beliefs and of preferences decrease.Conclusion
Women’s beliefs should be recognized and birth preferences respected. 相似文献28.
This study aims to explore how the long period of uncertainty about possible relocation affects the marital quality of the population in the Golan Heights and what forms of coping with this ongoing stress are used. The results, based on both quantitative and qualitative data, indicate a circular process in which the level of stress generated by the uncertainty varies with marital quality and with other personal and family resources, such as potency and an appreciation of the spouse's ability to cope with the stress. Four ways of coping with the uncertainty were observed in in-depth interviews: fighting, ignoring, postponing, and planning. The results are discussed in terms of their meaning for possible systemic interventions. 相似文献
29.
The control and treatment of dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge, particularly for patients with coronary heart
diseases. In this paper we propose a framework for survival analysis of patients who had a major cardiac event, focusing on
assessment of the effect of changing LDL-cholesterol level and statins consumption on survival. This framework includes a
Cox PH model and a Markov chain, and combines their results into reinforced conclusions regarding the factors that affect
survival time. We prospectively studied 2,277 cardiac patients, and the results show high congruence between the Markov model
and the PH model; both evidence that diabetes, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease and smoking significantly increase
hazard rate and reduce survival time. On the other hand, statin consumption is correlated with a lower hazard rate and longer
survival time in both models. The role of such a framework in understanding the therapeutic behavior of patients and implementing
effective secondary and primary prevention of heart diseases is discussed here. 相似文献
30.
Although the Arab population in Israel has undergone important economic and social changes in the past decades, the labor force participation of Arab women, particularly married women, has remained limited. This study uses census data to learn about the individual and familial factors associated with the entry into paid work of married Arab women and examines the extent to which these factors have changed over time. A major advantage is that the study distinguishes between the Muslim, Christian, and Druze populations, who markedly differ in their demographic, social, and cultural characteristics. Results from logistic regression models and standardization analyses reveal that the growth in employment experienced by Arab women was associated with the increasing education of both wives and husbands. However, the returns to education significantly decreased over time, particularly among Druze women, suggesting it has become more difficult for highly educated women to find employment. Results further show that the growth in employment experienced by Muslim and Christian women was related both to a decline in fertility and to a decrease in the negative returns to having children. Overall, findings underscore the structural barriers that limit Arab Israeli women's employment opportunities and raise concerns about their future occupational prospects. 相似文献