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271.
Besides the basic model, Kronecker products of rotated models are used to isolate the variance components as parameters of a linear model. A characterization of BLUE given by Zmy?lony (1980) is applied to the different models. Generalized least squares are used to complete the estimation. 相似文献
272.
A new univariate stochastic ordering is introduced. Some characterization results for such an ordering are stated. It is proved that the ordering is an integral stochastic ordering, obtaining a maximal generator. By means of this generator, the main properties of the ordering are deduced. A method for introducing univariate stochastic orderings, suggested by the new ordering, is analysed. Relationships with other stochastic orderings are also developed. To conclude, an example of an application of the new ordering to the field of medicine is proposed. 相似文献
273.
We take advantage of the fact that for the Austrian SILC 2008–2011, two data sources are available in parallel for the same households: register-based and survey-based income data. Thus, we aim to explain which households tend to under- or over-report their household income by estimating multinomial logit and OLS models with covariates referring to the interview situation, employment status and socio-demographic household characteristics. Furthermore, we analyze source-specific differences in the distribution of household income and how these differences affect aggregate poverty indicators based on household income. The analysis reveals an increase in the cross-sectional poverty rates for 2008–2011 and the longitudinal poverty rate if register data rather than survey data are used. These changes in the poverty rate are mainly driven by differences in employment income rather than sampling weights and other income components. Regression results show a pattern of mean-reverting errors when comparing household income between the two data sources. Furthermore, differences between data sources for both under-reporting and over-reporting slightly decrease with the number of panel waves in which a household participated. Among the other variables analyzed that are related to the interview situation (mode, proxy, interview month), only the number of proxy interviews was (weakly) positively correlated with the difference between data sources, although this outcome was not robust over different model specifications. 相似文献
274.
Adelia de Miguel Rosario Josefa Marrero Ascensión Fumero Mónica Carballeira Carlos Nuez 《心理学和人类性特征杂志》2018,30(1):124-131
Relevance of disclosure of minority sexual orientation on subjective (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) was analyzed. Participants were 236 men and 238 women self-identified as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) or heterosexual. No differences in SWB were found between heterosexuals and LGBs. Heterosexual women showed greater environmental mastery than bisexual men and greater purpose in life than lesbian and bisexual women. Outcomes showed greater well-being among LGBs who disclosed their minority sexual orientation to parents later in life. Disclosing minority sexual orientation to parents was related with greater PWB. Further research that takes a differential approach to improve well-being for LGBs is needed. 相似文献
275.
We ask whether the absence of information about other voters’ preferences allows optimal voting to be interpreted as sincere.We start by classifying voting mechanisms as simple and complex according to the number of message types voters can use to elect alternatives. We show that while in simple voting mechanisms the elimination of information about other voters’ preferences allows optimal voting to be interpreted as sincere, this is no longer always true for complex ones. In complex voting mechanisms, voters’ optimal strategy may vary with the size of the electorate. Therefore, in order to interpret optimal voting as sincere for complex voting mechanisms, we describe the optimal voting strategy when voters not only have no information but also have no pivotal power, i.e., as the size of the electorate tends to infinity. 相似文献
276.
Given an orthogonal modelan L modelis obtained, and the only restriction is the linear independency of the column vectors of matrix L. Special cases of the L models correspond to blockwise diagonal matrices L = D(L 1, . . . , L c ). In multiple regression designs this matrix will be of the formwith \({\check{{\bf X}}_j, j=1,\ldots,c}\) the model matrices of the individual regressions, while the original model will have fixed effects. In this way, we overcome the usual restriction of requiring all regressions to have the same model matrix.
相似文献
${{\bf \lambda}}=\sum_{i=1}^m{{{\bf X}}_i}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}_i$
${{\bf y}}={\bf L}\left(\sum_{i=1}^m{{{\bf X}}_i}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}_i\right)+{\bf e}$
${\bf L}={\bf D}(\check{{\bf X}}_1,\ldots,\check{{\bf X}}_{c})$
277.
This study presents a synthetic indicator for quality assessment in the Spanish public university system. The indicator is
based on a series of components and simple indicators that were obtained from the public universities’ financial planning
estimates. The paper takes a quantitative, wide-ranging approach to analyse the quality of university institutions and is
intended to be complimentary to other qualitative approaches. Data Envelopment Analysis was used in order to facilitate the
aggregation and weighting of the data used to construct the synthetic indicator. This technique allows the analyst to endogenously
determine the weighting of the partial indicators while respecting the peculiarities intrinsic to each university. The results
reveal that there are significant differences among Spanish public universities. In addition to how relatively well each of
the institutions performs, other factors would seem to be influencing the results; essentially these are related to socio-economic
factors and to the application of university policy in Spain over recent decades.
相似文献
Pilar MuriasEmail: |
278.
Miguel Nio‐Zarazúa 《Population and development review》2019,45(Z1):3-22
This paper presents an analysis of the recent evolution of social assistance in the developing world, looking at its complex typological configuration, which has interlinked with, and partly reflects the complex demographic and epidemiological transitions and rapid urbanization and economic convergence that many developing countries have exhibited over the past decades. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence evidence of first‐ and second‐order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health, and labor markets. Moreover, the paper highlights the knowledge gaps with regard to the longer term and gender‐specific welfare effects of social assistance, and the redistributive effects, and the incentives and distortion mechanisms that transfer programs can generate in the labor and insurance markets. 相似文献
279.
Antonio Hernández-Martínez Angel Arias-Arias Antonio Morandeira-Rivas Ana I. Pascual-Pedreño Elias J. Ortiz-Molina Julian Rodriguez-Almagro 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2019,32(2):112-118
Background
Oxytocin is the most widely used drug in the induction of labor, but it could have potential adverse effects that derive from uterine hyperstimulation.Aim
To determine the benefits and drawbacks of oxytocin continuation versus oxytocin discontinuation after the active phase of induced labor.Methods
We systematically searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library Plus until October 2017, for randomized controlled trials comparing oxytocin continuation with oxytocin discontinuation when the active phase of labor is reached were included. Data was collected by three reviewers and quality of the included studies assessed using the methodology recommended in the Cochrane Handbook. StatsDirect software was used to calculate risk ratios for binary variables and weighted mean differences for continuous variables. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used as appropriate.Results
Nine studies were selected including 1538 women, 774 in the oxytocin continuation group and 764 in the oxytocin discontinuation group. The incidence of cesarean sections (14.3% vs. 8.6%; relative risk, 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.23), uterine hyperstimulation (12.4% vs. 4.7%; relative risk, 2.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.70–3.93) and nonreassuring fetal heart rate (19.2% vs.12.5%; relative risk, 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–2.02) were significantly higher in the oxytocin continuation group. An increase in the duration of the second stage of labor in the oxytocin discontinuation group was observed (pooled mean difference, ?7.03; 95% confidence interval: ?9.80 to ?4.26).Conclusions
After the active phase of induced labor, oxytocin continuation increases the risk of cesarean section, uterine hyperstimulation and alterations to the fetal heart rate. 相似文献280.
Based on the effects of framing on audience opinion, the attitudes towards Palestinians and Israelis are evaluated when a news item reports on a violent event between the two sides. To do so, a short inter-group experiment was conducted. A 3 (manipulation of the news item) x 2 (group evaluated) design was applied. Three news formats were presented: (1) about a Palestinian attack on Israel; (2) about an Israeli attack on Palestine; (3) no news item. Half of the participants evaluated the Israelis while the other half evaluated the Palestinians. The results of the study, which was performed with a Spanish sample (N = 319), showed that there were no differences in the evaluation of the group according to the group evaluated, although there were differences according to the manipulation of the news item: in both conditions in which one group attacked another, the group evaluated was rated more negatively than the control group. The results also showed that both emotions and stereotypes mediated the effects of framing on prejudice. These results suggest that the participants’ attitude seems to depend more on the violent framing of the news items than on the role assigned to each group and that emotional processes and stereotypes are what regulate these attitudes. 相似文献