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181.
Mike Oliver 《Disability & Society》2016,31(7):966-968
The Disability Discrimination Act was 20 years old in 2015 and received much attention, being presented as a cause for celebration. In what follows I suggest that this is far from being an accurate assessment of its impact and go on to suggest that it was not achieved as a result of a broad consensus but rather the product and ultimate betrayal of the hopes and dreams of disabled people ourselves. As such, my version of this history has important lessons for disabled people ourselves. 相似文献
182.
We review a relatively new theoretical research program on the joint effects of status and the distribution of opinions on social influence. The status and factions theory of influence combines sociological insights about status generalization with psychological research on how the distribution of opinions promotes social influence. To date, several published studies support the logic of the theory, including how the effect of status varies with the distribution of opinions and the intervening theoretical mechanism. The former has been replicated a number of times, but only one study to date has truly tested the mechanism. Uncertainty reduction has been found to explain some of the joint effects of status and the distribution of opinions on social influence, but there is room for improvement. Consequently, after we discuss the existing literature, we identify additional mechanisms that may be worth pursuing in the future and also some applications of the theory's utility. 相似文献
183.
The Australian Census provides two approaches to measuring migration: indicators which distinguish movers from non-movers,
and a geographic classification which identifies each person’s usual residence on census night, and their usual address one
year and five years previously. Although these data represent a rich source of information, they contain several traps for
the unwary. We show that differences in the variables and classifications used can result in marked variations in the apparent
intensity and patterns of migration. The questionnaire and processing methodology used in the 1996 Census also resulted in
a number of inconsistencies between the migration indicators and the usual address information. We examine the magnitude and
source of these anomalies, assess their implications and propose a partial solution. The views expressed in this paper are
personal and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. 相似文献
184.
Susan Gachau Edmund Njeru Njagi Nelson Owuor Paul Mwaniki Matteo Quartagno Rachel Sarguta Mike English Philip Ayieko 《Journal of applied statistics》2022,49(9):2389
Composite scores are useful in providing insights and trends about complex and multidimensional quality of care processes. However, missing data in subcomponents may hinder the overall reliability of a composite measure. In this study, strategies for handling missing data in Paediatric Admission Quality of Care (PAQC) score, an ordinal composite outcome, were explored through a simulation study. Specifically, the implications of the conventional method employed in addressing missing PAQC score subcomponents, consisting of scoring missing PAQC score components with a zero, and a multiple imputation (MI)-based strategy, were assessed. The latent normal joint modelling MI approach was used for the latter. Across simulation scenarios, MI of missing PAQC score elements at item level produced minimally biased estimates compared to the conventional method. Moreover, regression coefficients were more prone to bias compared to standards errors. Magnitude of bias was dependent on the proportion of missingness and the missing data generating mechanism. Therefore, incomplete composite outcome subcomponents should be handled carefully to alleviate potential for biased estimates and misleading inferences. Further research on other strategies of imputing at the component and composite outcome level and imputing compatibly with the substantive model in this setting, is needed.KEYWORDS: Composite outcome, multiple imputation, paediatrics, PAQC score, pneumonia 相似文献
185.
Madison Stange Candice Graydon Mike J. Dixon 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(1):187-203
While scratch cards are a popular, accessible, and inexpensive form of gambling, very little is known about how they affect and influence the player. This study sought to understand the physiological and subjective experience of scratch card play, with special emphasis on the effect of near-miss outcomes (i.e. uncovering two out of three “grand prize” symbols needed to win said prize), which are remarkably prevalent in scratch card games. Thirty-eight undergraduate students from the University of Waterloo each played two custom scratch card games and experienced three types of outcomes (losses, wins and near-misses) while their skin conductance levels (SCLs) and post-reinforcement pauses were recorded. Each participant also rated each outcome in terms of its subjective level of arousal, valence, and frustration. Our results indicate that players interpreted near-misses as negatively valenced, highly arousing, frustrating losses, and were faster to move onto the next game following this type of outcome than following winning outcomes. Additionally, near-miss outcomes were associated with the largest amount of change in SCLs as the outcome was revealed. This work has implications for the problem gambling literature as it provides evidence of the frustration hypothesis of near-misses in scratch cards, and is the first study to examine the physiological and psychological experiences of scratch card players. 相似文献
186.
Understanding and working with adolescent neglect: perspectives from research,young people and professionals
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This paper provides an overview of research about adolescent neglect funded by the Department of Children, Schools and Families (now the Department for Education) and the Department of Health. The paper examines what is known from literature about the causes of adolescent neglect, together with its potential consequences for well‐being. Drawing on qualitative data, the concept of neglect is explored from the perspectives of young people themselves and the professionals who work with them. Consideration is given to examples of interventions and preventative models geared towards addressing adolescent neglect. Key findings indicate that there is a need for both a re‐examination of current definitions of neglect in the light of age‐related distinctions and perspectives, and a fuller understanding of the particular needs of adolescents who are experiencing neglect. Additionally, the research highlights that there is a lack of research knowledge about neglectful parenting and the behaviour of young people, as well as limited understanding of interventions with neglected adolescents. Key themes from the research are discussed in terms of their implications for future practice, policy and research in relation to working to improve the welfare of neglected young people. 相似文献
187.
Mike Savage 《The Sociological review》1991,39(1):26-54
In the past decade the Nuffield class schema has become the established way of operationalising social class measures in survey analyses. This paper carries out secondary analysis of the 1987 British General Election Survey to analyse the relationship between voting patterns and middle-class groups. It argues that the Nuffield class schema actually obstructs a proper understanding of the relationship between class and politics, and that in order to develop an adequate account of middle-class politics it is necessary to develop an alternative theoretical perspective drawing on the new sociology of the professions, and on the sociology of state formation. The paper concludes with some tentative remarks on the changing characteristics of middle-class politics. 相似文献
188.
189.
This article examines the role of local development agencies (such as Rural Community Councils and Volunteer Bureaux) in developing and supporting local voluntary action. It finds these agencies equipped with the potential to make a significant contribution to their communities, in particular by taking on a strategic role as catalysts for service development. The article ends with a series of recommendations both for the management of these agencies and for the roles of central and local government in supporting them. Taken together, these recommendations specify the preconditions for the successful realization of this potential of local development agencies. 相似文献
190.