Social Media Management

Do foundations effectively use social media to engage stakeholders? Do usage and engagement vary by foundation type? This article has been written to stimulate discussion and research about social media use and user engagement by foundations beyond measuring social media presence. We analyzed Facebook usage and stakeholder engagement for three types of foundations: community, corporate, and independent grant‐making foundations. We found that although community foundations are more likely to have a social media presence, corporate and independent foundations are more likely to use Facebook and to effectively engage stakeholders. Findings illuminate the need to understand social media usage and engagement in addition to presence. We discuss potential benefits of social media use and provide practical communication management recommendations for nonprofit practitioners.     

LOCAL LINEAR FORECASTS USING CUBIC SMOOTHING SPLINES

This paper shows how cubic smoothing splines fitted to univariate time series data can be used to obtain local linear forecasts. The approach is based on a stochastic state‐space model which allows the use of likelihoods for estimating the smoothing parameter, and which enables easy construction of prediction intervals. The paper shows that the model is a special case of an ARIMA(0, 2, 2) model; it provides a simple upper bound for the smoothing parameter to ensure an invertible model; and it demonstrates that the spline model is not a special case of Holt's local linear trend method. The paper compares the spline forecasts with Holt's forecasts and those obtained from the full ARIMA(0, 2, 2) model, showing that the restricted parameter space does not impair forecast performance. The advantage of this approach over a full ARIMA(0, 2, 2) model is that it gives a smooth trend estimate as well as a linear forecast function.     

Higher order generalisation of first order autoregressive tests

Higher order analogues of currently favoured tests for autocorrelated dicturbances are presented. Comparisons of power, against autoregressive disturbances of a range of orders considered likely in practice, favour a version of a test originally proposed by King (1985). This superiority is particularly marked with regressors for which Ordinary Least Squares is least efficient and thus testing most crucial. Selected significance bounds are tabulated for the twelfth order analogue of this test statistic for use with monthly data.     

Problems in being responsive: Reflections on an evaluation of a program for training motorcycle riders

This paper discusses some methodological issues arising from an evaluation of the Queensland Road Safety Council Motorcycle Training Program. The basic orientation of the evaluation was responsive/illuminative; responsive in the sense that the evaluation proceeded interactively, with appropriate issues and procedures identified and modified progressively through direct observation of the program and discussion with the participants; illuminative in the sense that the final report attempted to provide a detailed account of the program operation and of its strengths and weaknesses as perceived by various stakeholders. An account is given of the main considerations in designing, implementing, and reporting the evaluation. Implications for future evaluations are discussed.     

Trends in the determinants of early childbearing

This study uses data from the young women's and new youth cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth Labor Market Experience to examine the extent to which socioeconomic background factors and race have changed in their ability to predict a first birth before age 19 between 1968 and 1980 for women aged nineteen to twenty-three. The authors find little support for their hypothesis that the increasing availability of contraception and abortion for young women from all social classes reduces the traditionally strong inverse association between social class and early childbearing. There is evidence that, even after controlling for changes in socioeconomic background factors, black young women are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to bear children before age 19 in 1980 and the relative gap between races in this regard did not alter perceptively during that period.Prepared for presentation at the Population Association of America meetings, April/May 1987. The authors wish to thank Ronald D'Amico and Susan H. Mott for their helpful comments. This report was partially prepared under a contract with the U.S. Department of Labor with funds provided through an interagency agreement with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Interpretations or viewpoints in this document do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of the Department of Labor or the NICHD.     

A review of Rankian will therapy and its relevance for social casework

Conclusion In this study I have postulated on teh basis of Rankian philosophy and my own personal and professional experience that 1) self-knowledge in and of itself rarely heals; 2) a client who is accepted by another, in his totality, is able to change; and 3) persons have an inherent need to become fate-determining beings.Engaging the other in a process of willing his own growth is the central aim and way of helping. Thus, the caseworker is not a foe, educator, or passive on-looker; rather, he lendshimself, to be used or not as the client chooses. There is in the caseworker a willingness to let the client fumble, flounder, and waver until his rigid Will can soften enough to encompass and use another. A caseworker who can permit this freedom offers his steadiness as a springboard against and with whom the patient finds his own strength. This process is characterized by a slow coming together, a period of union, and a separation when the newly-won self fears, yet seeks autonomy. Having discovered that he can unite with another without being destroyed, the client leaves, not cured, yet less restricted, more open to the promises of life.     

Taking a "Hands On" Approach to Diversity in Higher Education: A Critical-Dialogic Model for Effective Intergroup Interaction

This article reviews divergent empirical evidence on interracial contact. While research on diversity in higher education provides ample evidence for the educational benefits of engaging with diversity in informal interactions or courses, experimental and naturalistic studies in social psychology on interracial interactions reveal a complicated picture, showing what appear to be both positive and negative effects. Rather than addressing the question of whether or not to promote interracial interactions on campus, we present a critical-dialogic model of intergroup dialogue that centers on communication processes as an avenue toward intergroup relationships, understanding, and collaboration. Prior research and preliminary results from a nine-university research collaboration provide strong empirical support for the proposed model. We conclude with program and policy considerations for higher education institutions interested in promoting meaningful intergroup interaction.