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881.
A new approach is introduced in this article for describing and visualizing time series of curves, where each curve has the particularity of being subject to changes in regime. For this purpose, the curves are represented by a regression model including a latent segmentation, and their temporal evolution is modeled through a Gaussian random walk over low-dimensional factors of the regression coefficients. The resulting model is nothing else than a particular state-space model involving discrete and continuous latent variables, whose parameters are estimated across a sequence of curves through a dedicated variational Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The experimental study conducted on simulated data and real time series of curves has shown encouraging results in terms of visualization of their temporal evolution and forecasting. 相似文献
882.
Health care privatization processes in Europe: Theoretical justifications and empirical classification 下载免费PDF全文
Christine André Philippe Batifoulier Mariana Jansen‐Ferreira 《International social security review》2016,69(1):3-23
This article analyses the health care system reform process in Europe based on the concept of privatization. This notion is understood from two perspectives. First, privatization may concern the health care financing or the provision of health services. Second, privatization can be “imposed” on individuals or be “internalized” and then introduced by individuals (patients and doctors). So we emphasize the diversity that privatization can assume. We classify privatization mechanisms used by different countries and identify which of the perspectives presented are more common in 14 European Union countries since the 1980s. The article shows that even if privatization processes are widespread, they assume different patterns in each country. 相似文献
883.
Emerging Tacts and Selections from Previous Learned Skills: A Comparison between Two Types of Naming
Pérez-González Luis Antonio Cereijo-Blanco Noelia Carnerero José Julio 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2014,30(2):184-192
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - Naming consists of tacting an object and selecting it upon hearing its name as a result of emergence. After acquiring naming, children learn object–name... 相似文献
884.
In this article, we focus on characterizations and sufficient conditions for the comparison of some quantile-based measures. Mainly we focus on crossing conditions and changes of monotonicity of the quantile functions. The results are given for the comparison of the tail value at risk, total time on test, and the expected proportional shortfall measures. 相似文献
885.
Jean-Paul Lucas Véronique Sébille Alain Le Tertre Yann Le Strat Lise Bellanger 《Journal of applied statistics》2014,41(4):716-732
Approaches that use the pseudolikelihood to perform multilevel modelling on survey data have been presented in the literature. To avoid biased estimates due to unequal selection probabilities, conditional weights can be introduced at each level. Less-biased estimators can also be obtained in a two-level linear model if the level-1 weights are scaled. In this paper, we studied several level-2 weights that can be introduced into the pseudolikelihood when the sampling design and the hierarchical structure of the multilevel model do not match. Two-level and three-level models were studied. The present work was motivated by a study that aims to estimate the contributions of lead sources to polluting the interior floor dust of the rooms within dwellings. We performed a simulation study using the real data collected from a French survey to achieve our objective. We conclude that it is preferable to use unweighted analyses or, at the most, to use conditional level-2 weights in a two-level or a three-level model. We state some warnings and make some recommendations. 相似文献
886.
Alba González-Roz José R. Fernández-Hermida Sara Weidberg Victor Martínez-Loredo Roberto Secades-Villa 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(2):371-382
The high availability and accessibility of online gambling have recently caused public concern regarding the potential increase of gambling-related problems among young people. Nonetheless, few studies among adults and none among adolescents have explored specific characteristics of gamblers as a function of gambling venues to date. This study sought to analyze the prevalence of gambling among a sample of adolescents in the last year, as well as sociodemographic and gambling-related characteristics as possible predictors of at-risk and problem gambling. The sample comprised 1313 adolescents aged 14–18 years. Participants were asked to respond to several questions regarding their gambling behavior. Chi square and ANOVA tests were performed in order to explore differences between groups, and a set of multinomial regressions established significant severity predictors. The prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling was 4 and 1.2 %, respectively. Regression analyses showed that having a relative with gambling problems predicted at-risk gambling. Both living with only one parent or not living with parents at all, and the prevalence of Electronic Gambling Machines in the last year were associated with problem gambling. Mixed-mode gambling was a predictor of both at-risk and problem gambling. Our findings extend previous research on gambling among adolescents by exploring gambling behavior according to different modes of access. Although the prevalence of exclusive online gambling among the total sample was low, these results support the need to consider specific subgroups of gamblers and their concrete related features when conducting both indicated prevention and treatment protocols for adolescents. 相似文献
887.
888.
Jordi López-Sintas Abaghan Ghahraman Elena Pérez Rubiales 《Journal of youth studies》2017,20(2):180-199
We analysed young people’s leisure activities in order to identify their leisure habitus, discover how they combined activities into leisure patterns, and examine how leisure patterns were socially structured. We argue that the effects of age, gender, and language on how young people’s leisure patterns are structured are mediated by social class. We found that leisure practices could be classified in terms of three habitus: the frequent leisure habitus, the cultural activity habitus, and the social vs. entertainment habitus. The different combinations of these three leisure habitus by young people resulted in four patterns which we refer to as social, omnivorous, entertainment, and religious leisure patterns. The association of leisure patterns with indicators of social position suggests that, as predicted by our theoretical framework, age, gender, and language effects are diminished once we take into account the mediating role of social class. Young people’s leisure practices are therefore socially differentiated, with young immigrants forming a vulnerable group that should be the particular focus of youth leisure policies. 相似文献
889.
Pierre Gosselin Reem Maassarani Alastair Younger Mélanie Perron 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2011,35(3):225-242
Few attempts have been made since the pioneer work of Ekman et al. (1980) to examine the development of the deliberate control of facial action units in children. We are reporting here two studies
concerned with this issue. In Study 1, we investigated children’s ability to activate facial action units involved in sadness
and happiness expressions as well as combinations of these action units. In Study 2, we examined children’s ability to pose
happiness and sadness with their face, without telling them which action unit to activate. The children who took part in this
study were simply asked to portray happiness and sadness as convincingly as possible. The results of Study 1 indicate a strong
developmental progression in children’s ability to produce elementary facial components of both emotions as well as in their
ability to produce a combination of the elements in the case of happiness. In agreement with prior research in motor development,
several non-target action units were also activated when children performed the task. Their occurrence persisted throughout
childhood, indicating limitations in the finer motor control achieved by children across age. The results obtained in Study
2 paralleled those obtained in Study 1 in many respects, providing evidence that the children used the technique of deliberate
action to pose the two target emotions. 相似文献
890.
The collapse in GDP brought about by the global economic crisis in 2008 affected female employment less than male employment, whereas austerity has been particularly harsh on women, a gendered impact described in the literature as “he‐cession to sh(e)‐austerity”. This article analyses gendered trends in the labour markets of eight European countries, decomposing quarterly changes in labour participation of women and men and in employment by sector. The “he‐cession to sh(e)‐austerity” scenario is not observed in all countries. Other channels through which austerity policies can jeopardize gender equality and women's rights are identified with reference to a typology of such policies. 相似文献