New Color Lines: Racial/Ethnic Inequality in Earnings among College‐Educated Men

Using the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this study examined four perspectives on new color lines in America—white–nonwhite, black–nonblack, tri‐racial, and blurred—among college‐educated white, black, Hispanic, and Asian men. Findings show that the color lines have not been consistently drawn but vary by nativity and migration status. Among the native born, the color line for earnings cuts mainly across white and nonwhite when field of study and Carnegie classification are controlled for in addition to other covariates. On the other hand, among members of the 1.5 generation, who obtained both their high school and highest degrees in the United States, the lines are most salient between black and nonblack. Among first‐generation immigrants, who completed all their education in a foreign country, and 1.25‐generation immigrants, who obtained their high school diploma in a foreign country but earned their highest degree in the United States, there is a gradation of the color line with whites at the top and blacks at the bottom. Despite these mixed results, blacks fall consistently at the bottom of the racial hierarchy and whites at the top, regardless of nativity and migration status. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Running Away from Out‐of‐Home Care: A Multilevel Analysis

Previous research suggests that the likelihood of runaway episodes among children in out‐of‐home care varies across different communities/regions. However, the potential regional variation has rarely been reflected in attempts to understand runaway episodes in out‐of‐home care systems. The current study examines the effects of child characteristics, family characteristics and child welfare system‐related characteristics on the likelihood of runaway episodes among children in out‐of‐home care, while accounting for county‐level variations in the risk of runaway behaviours. The authors employed multilevel analyses using data on children aged 12–17 from the 2009 AFCARS database. Results demonstrate that the likelihood of runaway episodes varied across counties. Accounting for county variation, children's ages, gender, diagnosed clinical conditions, family structures, number of removals, number of placements, removal manner, and case plan goals significantly predicted runaway status. Implications are discussed.     

“I'll Give You the World”: Socioeconomic Differences in Parental Support of Adult Children

Research has shown that parents with higher socioeconomic status provide more resources to their children during childhood and adolescence. The authors asked whether similar effects associated with parental socioeconomic position are extended to adult children. Middle‐aged parents (N = 633) from the Family Exchanges Study reported support they provided to their grown children and coresidence with grown children (N = 1,384). Parents with higher income provided more emotional and material support to the average children. Grown children of parents with less education were more likely to coreside with them. Parental resources (e.g., being married) and demands (e.g., family size) explained these patterns. Of interest is that lower income parents provided more total support to all children (except total financial support). Lower income families may experience a double jeopardy; each grown child receives less support on average, but parents exert greater efforts providing more total support to all their children.     

人类学与二十一世纪

一在刚刚过去的一年中 ,时间的流逝让人惊觉。不久前 ,人们还在谈论如何迎接 2 1世纪 ,一瞬间 ,我们已经实实在在地身处在这个新世纪当中了。年轻一代对时间的流逝或许能满不在乎 ,可我这个已是耄耋之年的人 ,顿时平添了“逝者如斯夫”、“时间不等人”的感觉。对时间的这种感叹 ,并非无病呻吟 ,它表达了我个人对于人文世界变动的体会。我对人文世界进行有意识的研究 ,开始于六十多年前的 2 0世纪前期 ,后来目睹了一连串社会变动和经济变迁 ,有了一些新的感受和认识。在新的世纪的第一个年头 ,我又看到 ,人类重新面对着很多新的问题。曾几何…     

Geometric aspects of deletion diagnostics in multivariate regression

In multivariate regression, a graphical diagnostic method of detecting observations that are influential in estimating regression coefficients is introduced. It is based on the principal components and their variances obtained from the covariance matrix of the probability distribution for the change in the estimator of the matrix of unknown regression coefficients due to a single-case deletion. As a result, each deletion statistic obtained in a form of matrix is transformed into a two-dimensional quantity. Its univariate version is also introduced in a little different way. No distributional form is assumed. For illustration, we provide a numerical example in which the graphical method introduced here is seen to be effective in getting information about influential observations.     

Therapy for child sexual abuse:women talk about helpful and unhelpful therapy experiences

Women with histories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were asked to describe what was helpful and unhelpful to them in therapy. From 191 completed postal questionnaires, a subsample of 20 participants was interviewed. This paper focuses on three specific areas of therapy raised by interviewees: (1) Establishing a therapeutic relationship; (2) talking about experiences and effects of CSA; and (3) dealing with errors in therapy. Findings suggest that to avoid making serious therapy errors, therapists (1) need special skills to be aware of the dynamics and effects of CSA and of abuse-focused therapy and to deal with abuse-related material, and (2) need to develop an equal and open therapy relationship that includes ongoing consultation with clients about their experiences of therapy. doi:10.1300/J070v15n04_03.