Victimization of Juveniles in Out-of-Home Placement: Juvenile Correctional Facilities

The purpose of this study was to draw a picture of the violenceand abuse experienced by youngsters in juvenile correctionalfacilities in Israel. Residents of three types of correctionalfacilities (closed, diagnostic and hostels) for girls and boysindicated whether or not they had personal experiences of eighttypes of victimization by peers and four types of victimizationby staff. The findings showed that all the investigated typesof violence and abuse were present in all three types of correctionalfacilities, though ‘low-level’ acts of violencewere more prevalent than ‘severe’ violence. At thesame time, the findings also pointed to a different pictureof violence and abuse in each type of facility and for eachgender. The findings highlighted the problem of violence andabuse by peers and staff in correctional facilities for juveniles.At the same time, the differential pictures obtained suggestedthat intervention programmes must have both a general componentand a component tailored to the facilities in which they arecarried out.     

Taking Care of Later Life: A Matter of Justice?

Correspondence to: Julia Johnson, Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Social Welfare, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. E-mail: j.s.johnson{at}open.ac.uk Summary This paper reviews current policies and practices regardingthe provision of long-term care for older people. In particularit focuses on three aspects which are central to social workand care management: current developments in residential andnursing home care; charging for care; and the shifting boundarybetween health and social care. It argues that, in all respects,these policies and the ways in which they are being implementedare incompatible with the notion of social justice. Over thelast fifty years, the older generation has invested heavilyin the welfare state and continues to make a significant contributionto it. The security and well-being of those in need of long-termcare is, however, being threatened by the marketization andcommodification of care provision.     

Diversity and Identity in the Non-profit Sector: Lessons from LGBT Organizing in Toronto

The objective of this paper is to explore the ways in which diversity is taken into account in the conceptualization, definition and role of the voluntary sector as well as policy debates around the recasting of relations between the state and the voluntary sectors. The paper is based on a study of voluntary sector organizing among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) citizens in the city of Toronto. It presents an overview of LGBT voluntary sector organizing in the city, demonstrating the rich network of non‐profit organizations that serve the LGBT community in the city of Toronto, Canada's largest city. The paper argues that the dominant cross‐national and cross‐time definitions of the voluntary sector do not account for some of the specific features of LGBT organizing and result in the marginalization of such organizing from the very concept of the voluntary sector. The paper discusses the implications of this mapping for policy discussions of the state–voluntary sector relationship. Drawing on the Canadian experience of government consultation with voluntary sector organizations, the paper demonstrates that such initiatives define certain forms of diversity in voluntary sector organizing out of the policy‐making process. Traditional policy‐making around voluntary sector issues is organized in ways that exclude urban and local identity‐based organizing.     

Inclusion of caregiver supports and services in home- and community-based service programs: recent reports from state units on aging

Caregivers have an important role in assisting frail and/or disabled individuals to maintain their independence in the community. Support to assist caregivers in this often stressful and demanding role is critical to sustaining the caregivers' health and ability to provide care. This paper reviews federal policy changes since 2000 that have expanded and enhanced services for informal caregivers. Next, data collected from State Units on Aging and other state agencies are presented to describe the extent to which caregiver services are included in home- and community-based programs under three funding streams (Medicaid waivers, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-funded programs, and state-funded programs). Program characteristics, such as eligibility and consumer-directed options, are included. Finally, the accomplishments and initiatives reported by state respondents related to supporting informal caregivers are also explained. Results indicate that services for informal caregivers are receiving greater attention and are frequently offered under home- and community-based service programs by the states that participated in this study.     

Introduction to the special issue on lesbians of African descent: contemporary perspectives

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue entitled, "Lesbians of African Descent: Contemporary Perspectives." We briefly discuss our framing of this collection as a contemporary contribution to the canon of Black lesbian writing and art, and identify themes that appear to transcend both earlier and current works of lesbians of African descent.     

Clinic Capacity Management: Planning Treatment Programs that Incorporate Adherence

For infectious diseases like tuberculosis and HIV, treatment adherence plays an important role in treatment effectiveness and epidemic control. Studies of some infectious diseases indicate that patients who live closer to their health facilities maintain higher adherence; however, most models ignore the heterogeneity of patients' adherence. Clinics must balance knowledge about adherence with epidemic growth when creating successful treatment programs. We develop an optimization model that integrates a clinic's capacity decisions with population health outcomes. We find that incorporating adherence into clinic planning models can lead to decisions that significantly improve outcomes. For example, in a realistic case study of the HIV epidemic in Zambia, we find that decision makers who ignore decreasing adherence make suboptimal decisions and overestimate the effectiveness of their treatment programs by as much as 94%. Our model is a first step toward understanding the relationship between adherence and health delivery.     

自上而下，打破部门藩篱

顾客满意度不断降低,重要客户扬言要退出,一度认为可轻易达到的收入预期迅速下滑流失。然而,你绝非轻言失败之辈,于是在CEO的支持下,你拟定一份可令业绩再次回升的远大计划——这需要企业的全体人员同心协力,劲往一处使。问题在于,公司员工似乎很难记得:他们必须齐心协力。IT人员优先钟情于IT,而把公司利益置于其次;销售及设计部门同样如此。部门主管似乎花费更多时间用来争夺资源与认可,而对未来的挑战不甚热心。看起来,很少有经理人或员工能够超越部门局限,行动顾全公司的大局利益。换句话说,你的公司处于严重的藩篱状态。所谓“藩篱”…     

A profile of the non-profit sector in Romania

With the revolution of December 1989, citizens of Romania gained the right to form non-profit organisations for the first time in 40 years. Since then, Romania has begun to explore the frontiers of private initiative through the introduction of non-profit, non-governmental organisations as well as profit-making businesses. In this article we review the historical development and legal framework of Romania's emerging non-profit sector. We also provide the first empirical snapshot of that sector by applying the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations (ICNPO) developed by Salamon and Anheier to 499 organisations identified in theSoros Catalogue of Nongovernmental Organizations in Romania: 1991–92. Finally, we speculate on the future development of the Romanian non-profit sector by considering alternative scenarios involving the relationships between indigenous nonprofits, international NGOs and the Romanian government.