Vernichtung durch Kommunikation — aufgezeigt am Phänomen „Mobbing“

Annihilation through communication — the case of mobbingThere is sufficient clarity about the forms, the processes and the consequences of mobbing. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. Based on a newly developed understanding of community and its expression in interpersonal communication the author sees mobbing as a case of extremely incongruent communication over a longer period of time among more than two individuals, with the aim of excluding individuals from the process of communication. Mobbing is thus an abuse of communication for the purpose of excommunication. Drawing on these arguments the author finally discusses means of prevention and intervention.     

Ergebnisse der Mediengewaltforschung: Überblick und Probleme

Results of media violence research: Overview and problemsOn the basis of massive acts of violence of children and young people the question arises to what extent the media make a contribution to these incidents. The results of empirical media research about the effects of the consumption of violence representations in the media are collected. As the basis for the argumentation predominantly the existing metaanalysis in the international research literature were used; with these can be convincingly argued against those theses, put again and again into the public in order to weaken the importance of medium influence. The theses set up in the public discourse are arranged thereby in the sense of an ?encyclopaedia of popular mistakes“, which are analyzed critically and disproved.On the basis of a multifactor model about the emergence of acts of violence the ways of how medium representations can affect behaviour are delineated. The view presented actually in the empirical media research corresponds neither to the frequently postulated and roughly simplifying imitation thesis, still to the simple stimulus-reaction hypothesis. However, in the public discussion these and other simplifying assumptions are reiterated again and again in order to diminish the responsibility of the media. It is also to be considered that subjective evidences, after which such effects are denied, are even explanation-needy facts, which since a long time are well documented in the social-psychological research as ?Third person effect“. Additionally suggestions are made, which measures within the diverse social fields against the media flood and its effects are to be taken.     

Einführung von Coaching Ein Schulleiter kann es nicht immer allen recht machen

Coaching with a headmasterThe author describes a coaching process with a headmaster in difficulties, who always wants to please everybody. He lacks the necessary professional delimitation. Though refusing it initially, he recognizes the necessity and the advantage of a professional delimitation. By utilizing it in small steps, his contacts to the parents improve, he has more time for his administrative work, and he feels less oppressed by his tasks.     

Unterschiede zwischen Coaching und Psychotherapie

Differences between coaching and psychotherapyCoaching is not a hidden psychotherapy with managers, though the methods are similar. Unlike psychotherapy, coaching mainly refers to the professional context, it requires normal capacities of self regulation and addresses to managers. A coach cannot take the place of a psychotherapist, and therapists cannot do the work of a coach without a respective education and role definition. The author describes these and other differences.     

Verstehen als Grundlage supervisionsgeleiteter Veränderung Individualpsychologische Gruppensupervision mit Lehrer/innen

Understanding as basics of change processes by supervision. Individualpsychological group supervision with teachersThe author delineates the concept of the individualpsychological supervision, its theoretical background, the main topics and the detailed procedure. This article firstly discusses the goals and the task of the depth psychological founded approach. The individualpsychological work is described in process and explained by an example. The main item of the individualpsychological procedure is explained by analysing and working on the lifestyle and embedded in a model. Hereby teachers are helped to achieve new pattern of thought and of action by sensitive understanding concerning the field of school.     

Teamsupervision in psychiatrischen Teams — eine empirische Studie

Team-supervision in psychiatry — an empirical studyContinuing the discussion about the range of supervision in organisations, this paper presents an empirical study on team-supervision in psychiatry. The investigation is based on extended interviews with supervising and supervised persons in order to identify specific interpretations of supervision and to ascertain the transfer ranges of the supervision results. The paper concentrates on the hierarchical constitution of psychiatric team treatment, and the structural problems connected therewith. Team-supervision in psychiatry proves to be an ambivalent undertaking, rich in presuppositions, that offers specific advantages, but also carries high risks.     

Die Differenzen zwischen Supervision und Coaching

The difference between supervision and coachingThe difference between supervision and coaching This article discusses the difference between coaching and supervision. There are three relevant points: (1) Supervision and coaching deal with different groups in the organisations; (2) coaching is more personal development, supervision more for the self experience; (3) Supervision is change from the bottom and coaching change from the top.     

Verification of the ages of supercentenarians in the United States: Results of a matching study

Unprecedented declines in mortality among the very old have led to the emergence of "true" supercentenarians (persons aged 110 and over). The ages of these individuals have been well-documented in European countries with a history of birth registration, but have not been systematically studied in the United States, which lacks similar documentation and where the inaccuracy of age reporting has been an issue. To verify age, we linked records from the Social Security Administration for close to 700 individuals who died from 1980 to 1999 purportedly at ages 110 and older to records of the U.S. censuses of 1880 and 1900, conducted when these individuals were children. This group was a residual group from an earlier file that was reduced by the SSA after data checks that eliminated incorrect records. The results of the matched records for the residual file indicate that over 90% of the whites were accurately reported as supercentenarians, but only half of the blacks appeared to have attained age 110. The verification of age shows that the United States has more "true" supercentenarians than do other nations.     

Parental leave: The impact of recent legislation on parents’ leave taking

We use data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the impact of leave entitlements on unpaid leave usage by men and women after the birth of a child from 1991 to 1999. The results indicate that legislation providing the right to unpaid leave has not affected men's leave usage. The results for women are mixed: in some specifications, leave entitlements are associated with increased leave taking or longer leaves, but the results depend on how we define leave coverage. Our results point to the limited impact of unpaid leave policies and the potential importance of paid-leave policies.     

Assimilation of immigrants: Implications for human capital accumulation of the second generation

Immigrants assimilate in various dimensions at different rates. Moreover, in each of these dimensions they assimilate at rates that may differ from those of their children. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the pace of assimilation of immigrants in various dimensions affects the rate of human capital accumulation of immigrant children. It is argued that rapid assimilation in certain dimensions serves to increase the rate of human capital accumulation of the second generation, while in other dimensions it may have the opposite effect.I thank Christoph Schmidt, Peter Schaeffer, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Responsible editor: Christoph M. Schmidt.